{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T06:55:18Z","timestamp":1789628118052,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our study describes the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) among 1318 French patients diagnosed at the time of primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) in 2007\u201312.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HIV-1 resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) were characterized using both the 2009 WHO list of mutations and the French ANRS algorithm. A genotypic susceptibility score was estimated for each first-line recommended ART combination.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients were mainly MSM (72.6%). Non-B variants were identified in 33.7% of patients. The proportion of TDR was estimated as 11.7% (95% CI 10.0\u201313.5). The prevalences of PI-, NRTI-, first-generation NNRTI and etravirine\/rilpivirine-associated RAMs were 2.5%, 5.2%, 3.9% and 3.2%, respectively. Single, dual and triple class resistance was found in 9.6%, 1.0% and 1.1% of cases, respectively. Additionally, 5\/331 strains isolated in 2010\u201312 had integrase inhibitor (II)-related RAMs (isolated E157Q mutation in all cases). TDR was more common among MSM than in other groups (12.9% versus 8.6%, P\u200a=\u200a0.034), and in case of B versus non-B subtype infections (13.6% versus 7.9%, P\u200a=\u200a0.002). The proportions of fully active combinations were \u226599.2%, \u226597.3% and \u226595.3% in cases of PI-, II- and NNRTI-based regimens, respectively. In 2010\u201312, the proportion of fully active efavirenz-based ART was lower in cases of subtype B versus non-B infection (P\u200a=\u200a0.021).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Compared with our previous studies, the proportion of NRTI- and first-generation NNRTI-related TDR has continued to decline in French seroconverters. However, subtype B-infected MSM could drive the spread of resistant HIV strains. Finally, we suggest preferring PI- or II- to NNRTI-based combinations to treat PHI patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]],"date-time":"2017-02-02T15:32:56Z","timestamp":1486049576000},"page":"2084-2089","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["HIV-1 subtype B-infected MSM may have driven the spread of transmitted resistant strains in France in 2007\u201312: impact on susceptibility to first-line strategies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Pierre","family":"Frange","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 \u00a0Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Assistance Publique\u2014H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), H\u00f4pital Necker\u2014Enfants Malades, Paris, France"},{"name":"2 \u00a0EA7327, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, 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