{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T14:18:41Z","timestamp":1767968321545,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objectives of this study were to provide a nationally representative analysis of antibiotic prescribing in outpatient paediatrics and to assess overall and class-specific antibiotic costs in Greece.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data on antibiotic prescriptions for patients aged \u226419 years old between July 2010 and June 2013 in Greece were extracted from the IMS Health Xponent database. Antibiotics were grouped into narrow- and broad-spectrum agents. The number of prescribed antibiotics and census denominators were used to calculate prescribing rates. The total costs associated with prescribed antibiotics were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>More than 7 million antibiotics were prescribed during the study period, with an annual rate of 1100 antibiotics\/1000 persons. Prescribing rates were higher among children aged &amp;lt;10 years old. Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) accounted for 80% of prescribed antibiotics, with acute otitis media (22.3%), acute tonsillitis (19.5%) and acute bronchitis\/bronchiolitis (13.9%) being the most common clinical diagnoses. Cephalosporins (32.9%), penicillins (32.3%) and macrolides (32.1%) were the most commonly prescribed antibiotic classes. The majority (90.4%) of antibiotics were broad spectrum. Antibiotic expenditures totalled \u223c\u20ac50 million.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing is common in outpatient paediatric patients. These data provide important targets to inform the development of an outpatient antimicrobial stewardship programme targeting specific practices, providers and conditions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,17]],"date-time":"2015-04-17T01:12:22Z","timestamp":1429233142000},"page":"2405-2408","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Antibiotic prescribing and expenditures in outpatient paediatrics in Greece, 2010\u201313"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Georgia","family":"Kourlaba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 \u00a0The Stavros Niarchos Foundation - Collaborative Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Kourkouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 \u00a0The Stavros Niarchos Foundation - Collaborative Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikos","family":"Spyridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 \u00a0Aglaia Kyriakou Children's Hospital, Second Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey S.","family":"Gerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 \u00a0Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, UPENN School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kopsidas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 \u00a0The Stavros Niarchos Foundation - Collaborative Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Mougkou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 \u00a0The Stavros Niarchos Foundation - Collaborative Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Athanasia","family":"Lourida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 \u00a0The Stavros Niarchos Foundation - Collaborative Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theoklis E.","family":"Zaoutis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 \u00a0The Stavros Niarchos Foundation - Collaborative Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece"},{"name":"3 \u00a0Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, UPENN School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022020121043965800_DKV091C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2010.183541","article-title":"Differences in antibiotic prescribing in paediatric outpatients","volume":"96","author":"Clavenna","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2022020121043965800_DKV091C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-007-0376-3","article-title":"Antibiotic prescription and prevalence rate in the outpatient paediatric population: analysis of surveys published during 2000\u20132005","volume":"63","author":"Rossignoli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Clin 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