{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:59:17Z","timestamp":1789732757497,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]],"date-time":"2016-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":515,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Longer and Larger"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/G020744\/1, BB\/G019177\/1, BB\/G019274\/1 and BB\/G018553\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/G020744\/1, BB\/G019177\/1, BB\/G019274\/1 and BB\/G018553\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, and Zoetis"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["098051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["098051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"AHVLA's Research and Development Internal Investment Fund","award":["RD0030c"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD0030c"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this study was to determine the distribution and genetic basis of trimethoprim resistance in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from pigs in England.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Clinical isolates collected between 1998 and 2011 were tested for resistance to trimethoprim and sulphonamide. The genetic basis of trimethoprim resistance was determined by shotgun WGS analysis and the subsequent isolation and sequencing of plasmids.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 16 (out of 106) A. pleuropneumoniae isolates were resistant to both trimethoprim (MIC &amp;gt;32 mg\/L) and sulfisoxazole (MIC \u2265256 mg\/L), and a further 32 were resistant only to sulfisoxazole (MIC \u2265256 mg\/L). Genome sequence data for the trimethoprim-resistant isolates revealed the presence of the dfrA14 dihydrofolate reductase gene. The distribution of plasmid sequences in multiple contigs suggested the presence of two distinct dfrA14-containing plasmids in different isolates, which was confirmed by plasmid isolation and sequencing. Both plasmids encoded mobilization genes, the sulphonamide resistance gene sul2, as well as dfrA14 inserted into strA, a streptomycin-resistance-associated gene, although the gene order differed between the two plasmids. One of the plasmids further encoded the strB streptomycin-resistance-associated gene.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This is the first description of mobilizable plasmids conferring trimethoprim resistance in A. pleuropneumoniae and, to our knowledge, the first report of dfrA14 in any member of the Pasteurellaceae. The identification of dfrA14 conferring trimethoprim resistance in A. pleuropneumoniae isolates will facilitate PCR screens for resistance to this important antimicrobial.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,13]],"date-time":"2015-07-13T23:32:18Z","timestamp":1436830338000},"page":"2217-2222","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Identification of <i>dfrA14<\/i> in two distinct plasmids conferring trimethoprim resistance in <i>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Janine T.","family":"Boss\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 \u00a0Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 \u00a0Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 \u00a0Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Atherton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 \u00a0Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Fernandez Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 \u00a0Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanna M.","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 \u00a0Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) Bury St Edmunds, Rougham Hill, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk IP33 2RX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 \u00a0Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) Bury St Edmunds, Rougham Hill, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk IP33 2RX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy R.","family":"Chaudhuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 \u00a0Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy A.","family":"Weinert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 \u00a0Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olusegun","family":"Oshota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 \u00a0Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt T. G.","family":"Holden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4 \u00a0The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duncan J.","family":"Maskell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 \u00a0Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander W.","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 \u00a0Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan W.","family":"Wren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5 \u00a0Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, 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