{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T17:46:45Z","timestamp":1793641605735,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","funder":[{"name":"Astellas Pharma, Gilead Sciences, Merck, and Pfizer"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Fifth European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL-5) convened a meeting to establish evidence-based recommendations for using tests to diagnose Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in adult patients with haematological malignancies. Immunofluorescence assays are recommended as the most sensitive microscopic method (recommendation A-II). Real-time PCR is recommended for the routine diagnosis of PCP (A-II). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid is recommended as the best specimen as it yields good negative predictive value (A-II). Non-invasive specimens can be suitable alternatives (B-II), acknowledging that PCP cannot be ruled out in case of a negative PCR result (A-II). Detecting \u03b2-d-glucan in serum can contribute to the diagnosis but not the follow-up of PCP (A-II). A negative serum \u03b2-d-glucan result can exclude PCP in a patient at risk (A-II), whereas a positive test result may indicate other fungal infections. Genotyping using multilocus sequence markers can be used to investigate suspected outbreaks (A-II). The routine detection of dihydropteroate synthase mutations in cases of treatment failure is not recommended (B-II) since these mutations do not affect response to high-dose co-trimoxazole. The clinical utility of these diagnostic tests for the early management of PCP should be further assessed in prospective, randomized interventional studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,22]],"date-time":"2016-08-22T05:07:38Z","timestamp":1471842458000},"page":"2386-2396","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":256,"title":["ECIL guidelines for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with haematological malignancies and stem cell transplant recipients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Alanio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisi\u00e8re Saint-Louis Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Universit\u00e9 Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, and Institut Pasteur, Unit\u00e9 de Mycologie Mol\u00e9culaire, CNRS URA3012, Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe M.","family":"Hauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrien","family":"Lagrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium and National Reference Center for Mycosis, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem J. 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