{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:05:06Z","timestamp":1791821106900,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","funder":[{"name":"Basilea, Gilead Sciences, Merck"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The initiation of systemic antimicrobial treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is triggered by clinical signs and symptoms, typical radiological and occasionally laboratory findings in patients at risk of this infection. Diagnostic proof by bronchoalveolar lavage should not delay the start of treatment. Most patients with haematological malignancies present with a severe PCP; therefore, antimicrobial therapy should be started intravenously. High-dose trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole is the treatment of choice. In patients with documented intolerance to this regimen, the preferred alternative is the combination of primaquine plus clindamycin. Treatment success should be first evaluated after 1 week, and in case of clinical non-response, pulmonary CT scan and bronchoalveolar lavage should be repeated to look for secondary or co-infections. Treatment duration typically is 3 weeks and secondary anti-PCP prophylaxis is indicated in all patients thereafter. In patients with critical respiratory failure, non-invasive ventilation is not significantly superior to intubation and mechanical ventilation. The administration of glucocorticoids must be decided on a case-by-case basis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,22]],"date-time":"2016-08-22T05:07:38Z","timestamp":1471842458000},"page":"2405-2413","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":221,"title":["ECIL guidelines for treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in non-HIV-infected haematology patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Georg","family":"Maschmeyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jannik","family":"Helweg-Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livio","family":"Pagano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Haematology, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Robin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, Assistance Publique-h\u00f4pitaux de Paris (APHP), Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Cr\u00e9teil, France"},{"name":"University Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil (UPEC), Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Cordonnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, Assistance Publique-h\u00f4pitaux de Paris (APHP), Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Cr\u00e9teil, France"},{"name":"University Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil (UPEC), Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Schellongowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine I, Intensive Care Unit 13i2, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Intensive Care in Hematologic and Oncologic Patients (iCHOP)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.2820360912","article-title":"Intensity of immunosuppressive therapy and the incidence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis","volume":"36","author":"Hughes","year":"1975","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R46","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11247","article-title":"Risk factors for the development of acute lung injury in patients with infectious pneumonia","volume":"16","author":"Kojicic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.2.9912058","article-title":"Permanent declines in pulmonary function following pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons. The Pulmonary Complications of HIV Infection Study Group","volume":"162","author":"Morris","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5575","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005575","article-title":"Early antiretroviral therapy reduces AIDS progression\/death in individuals with acute opportunistic infections: a multicenter randomized strategy trial","volume":"4","author":"Zolopa","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw156","article-title":"ECIL guidelines for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with haematological malignancies and stem cell transplant recipients","volume":"71","author":"Alanio","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw155","article-title":"Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: still a concern in patients with haematological malignancies and stem cell transplant recipients","volume":"71","author":"Cordonnier","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw157","article-title":"ECIL guidelines for preventing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with haematological malignancies and stem cell transplant recipients","volume":"71","author":"Maertens","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"Suppl 7","key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12041","article-title":"ESCMID guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: adults with haematological malignancies and after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT)","volume":"18","author":"Ullmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2002.03419.x","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with malignant haematological diseases: 10 years' experience of infection in GIMEMA centres","volume":"117","author":"Pagano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0223","article-title":"Clinical picture of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in cancer patients","volume":"132","author":"Boll\u00e9e","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08091548","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcome of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-infected and otherwise immunosuppressed patients","volume":"8","author":"Ewig","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneumo.2011.06.001","article-title":"[Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in non-HIV infected patients: a study of 41 cases]","volume":"67","author":"Toper","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Pneumol Clin"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-006-0149-4","article-title":"Influence of type of cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on clinical presentation of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in cancer patients","volume":"25","author":"Torres","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4065\/71.1.5","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: associated illness and prior corticosteroid therapy","volume":"71","author":"Yale","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-012-0441-4","article-title":"Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for the survival of Pneumocystis pneumonia patients without human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"18","author":"Asai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e101943","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101943","article-title":"Pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-infected and immunocompromised non-HIV infected patients: a retrospective study of two centers in China","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2012.08.024","article-title":"Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in immunocompromised patients: delayed diagnosis and poor outcomes in non-HIV-infected individuals","volume":"47","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2009.131668","article-title":"Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with or without AIDS, France","volume":"20","author":"Roux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1086\/517099","article-title":"Persistence of Pneumocystis carinii after effective treatment of P. carinii pneumonia is not related to relapse or survival among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"26","author":"Roger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2014.01.007","article-title":"Update on pulmonary Pneumocystis jirovecii infection in non-HIV patients","volume":"44","author":"Roux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect"},{"issue":"Suppl B","key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/37.suppl_B.33","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii infection: current treatment and prevention","volume":"37","author":"Miller","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-6958-7-2","article-title":"Non-HIV Pneumocystis pneumonia: do conventional community-acquired pneumonia guidelines under estimate its severity?","volume":"7","author":"Asai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Multidiscip Respir Med"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.027","article-title":"Acute respiratory failure due to Pneumocystis pneumonia: outcome and prognostic factors","volume":"13","author":"Boonsarngsuk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.4067\/S0716-10182014000400007","article-title":"[Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia: comparative study of cases in HIV-infected patients and immunocompromised non-HIV-infected patients]","volume":"31","author":"Cer\u00f3n","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Chilena Infectol"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2014.02.015","article-title":"Prognostic factors of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients without HIV infection","volume":"69","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2014.03.003","article-title":"Predisposing factors, clinical characteristics and outcome of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in HIV-negative patients","volume":"20","author":"Kofteridis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4613","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00669-11","article-title":"Outcomes of moderate-to-severe Pneumocystis pneumonia treated with adjunctive steroid in non-HIV-infected patients","volume":"55","author":"Moon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2013.12.005","article-title":"Outcomes of Pneumocystis pneumonia with respiratory failure in HIV-negative patients","volume":"29","author":"Ko","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-76","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of Pneumocystis pneumonia in non-HIV patients and prognostic factors including microbiological genotypes","volume":"11","author":"Matsumura","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2012.00739.x","article-title":"Pneumocystis pneumonia in hospitalized patients: a detailed examination of symptoms, management, and outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected persons","volume":"14","author":"McKinnell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-002-0758-5","article-title":"Analysis of underlying diseases and prognosis factors associated with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised HIV-negative patients","volume":"21","author":"Roblot","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/2110-5820-4-13","article-title":"Cotrimoxazole\u2014optimal dosing in the critically ill","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.curtheres.2014.08.003","article-title":"Serum peak sulfamethoxazole concentrations demonstrate difficulty in achieving a target range: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"76","author":"Dao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Ther Res Clin Exp"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.1.28","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in critically ill and non-critically ill AIDS patients","volume":"39","author":"Chin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-124-9-199605010-00003","article-title":"Comparison of three regimens for treatment of mild to moderate Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS. A double-blind, randomized, trial of oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, dapsone-trimethoprim, and clindamycin-primaquine. ACTG 108 Study Group","volume":"124","author":"Safrin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1177\/1753465810380102","article-title":"Update on the diagnosis and treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia","volume":"5","author":"Carmona","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ther Adv Respir Dis"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12599","article-title":"Consensus guidelines for diagnosis, prophylaxis and management of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with haematological and solid malignancies, 2014","volume":"44","author":"Cooley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.02.052","article-title":"HRCT-features of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and their evolution before and after treatment in non-HIV immunocompromised patients","volume":"81","author":"Vogel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03452.x","article-title":"\u03b2-d-Glucan kinetics for the assessment of treatment response in Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia","volume":"17","author":"Held","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-14-87","article-title":"Adjunctive steroid in HIV-negative patients with severe Pneumocystis pneumonia","volume":"14","author":"Lemiale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1086\/378239","article-title":"Association between a specific Pneumocystis jiroveci dihydropteroate synthase mutation and failure of pyrimethamine\/sulfadoxine prophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus-positive and -negative patients","volume":"188","author":"Nahimana","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05705-1","article-title":"Effect of mutations in Pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase gene on outcome of P. carinii pneumonia in patients with HIV-1: a prospective study","volume":"358","author":"Navin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2013.770604","article-title":"Dihydropteroate synthase mutations in Pneumocystis pneumonia: impact of applying different definitions of prophylaxis, mortality endpoints and mutant in a single cohort","volume":"51","author":"Yoon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-009-0710-Z","article-title":"Clindamycin-primaquine versus pentamidine for the second-line treatment of pneumocystis pneumonia","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2012.760842","article-title":"Is caspofungin really an effective treatment for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in immunocompromised patients without human immunodeficiency virus infection? Experiences at a single center and a literature review","volume":"45","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp372","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of first- and second-line treatments for HIV-associated Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: a tri-centre cohort study","volume":"64","author":"Helweg-Larsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.135350","article-title":"A trial of caspofungin salvage treatment in PCP pneumonia","volume":"66","author":"Armstrong-James","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12133","article-title":"Combination of caspofungin and low-dose trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole for the treatment of severe Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in renal transplant recipients","volume":"18","author":"Tu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nephrology (Carlton)"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000280546.91617.6c","article-title":"Efficacy of caspofungin addition to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment for severe Pneumocystis pneumonia in solid organ transplant recipients","volume":"84","author":"Utili","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70619","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070619","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of caspofungin combined with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for pneumocystis pneumonia: a pilot study in mice","volume":"8","author":"Lobo","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e92","DOI":"10.1086\/508282","article-title":"Progression of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients receiving echinocandin therapy","volume":"43","author":"Kamboj","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2810","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.47.2365","article-title":"Outcomes of critically ill patients with hematologic malignancies: prospective multicenter data from France and Belgium\u2014a groupe de recherche respiratoire en reanimation onco-hematologique study","volume":"31","author":"Azoulay","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2015.04.002","article-title":"Managing critically ill hematology patients: Time to think differently","volume":"29","author":"Azoulay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2010.031583","article-title":"Prognostic factors for intensive care unit admission, intensive care outcome, and post-intensive care survival in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia: a single center experience","volume":"96","author":"Schellongowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2015.1106537","article-title":"Incidence of intensive care unit admission, outcome, and post intensive care survival in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","author":"Wohlfarth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(03)00038-0","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with hematologic malignancies: a descriptive study","volume":"47","author":"Roblot","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2005.06.014","article-title":"Pneumocystis pneumonia\u2014a retrospective study 1991\u20132001 in Gothenburg, Sweden","volume":"53","author":"Mikaelsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R28","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6806","article-title":"Care management and outcome of severe Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with and without HIV infection","volume":"12","author":"Monnet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1086\/313534","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative immunocompromised patients","volume":"29","author":"N\u00fcesch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-014-3354-0","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with malignancies","volume":"40","author":"Azoulay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403270","article-title":"Incidence and prognostic value of respiratory events in acute leukemia","volume":"18","author":"Chaoui","year":"2004","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-004-2237-1","article-title":"Predictive factors of intensive care unit admission in patients with haematological malignancies and pneumonia","volume":"30","author":"Gruson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2011.649752","article-title":"Intensive care unit management of patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia with no organ failure","volume":"53","author":"Lenglin\u00e9","year":"2012","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2012.753446","article-title":"Delayed intensive care unit admission is associated with increased mortality in patients with cancer with acute respiratory failure","volume":"54","author":"Mokart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200102153440703","article-title":"Noninvasive ventilation in immunosuppressed patients with pulmonary infiltrates, fever, and acute respiratory failure","volume":"344","author":"Hilbert","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001613","article-title":"Impact of initial ventilatory strategy in hematological patients with acute respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Amado-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-015-0070-z","article-title":"Acute respiratory failure in patients with hematological malignancies: outcomes according to initial ventilation strategy. A groupe de recherche respiratoire en r\u00e9animation onco-h\u00e9matologique (Grrr-OH) study","volume":"5","author":"Lemiale","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.12402","article-title":"Effect of noninvasive ventilation vs oxygen therapy on mortality among immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"314","author":"Lemiale","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2766","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31818699f6","article-title":"Predictors of noninvasive ventilation failure in patients with hematologic malignancy and acute respiratory failure","volume":"36","author":"Adda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.4.1299","article-title":"Outcome in noninvasively and invasively ventilated hematologic patients with acute respiratory failure","volume":"126","author":"Depuydt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R133","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11438","article-title":"Ventilatory support in critically ill hematology patients with respiratory failure","volume":"16","author":"Molina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2009.04.001","article-title":"Noninvasive ventilation in patients with malignancies and hypoxemic acute respiratory failure: a still pending question","volume":"25","author":"Soares","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C73","first-page":"CD006150","article-title":"Adjunctive corticosteroids for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with HIV infection","volume":"4","author":"Ewald","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2008-740ST","article-title":"An official American Thoracic Society statement: treatment of fungal infections in adult pulmonary and critical care patients","volume":"183","author":"Limper","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12042","article-title":"Clinical outcome and predictors of survival in patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia\u2014results of a tertiary referral centre","volume":"8","author":"Roembke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-005-0065-z","article-title":"Caspofungin treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia during conditioning for bone marrow transplantation","volume":"25","author":"Annaloro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2008.01530.x","article-title":"Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in a patient with Wegener's granulomatosis treated efficiently with caspofungin","volume":"51","author":"Hof","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197301000-00002","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii infection","volume":"52","author":"Burke","year":"1973","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1086\/598651","article-title":"Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy for severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: retrospective study of 31 patients","volume":"29","author":"Delclaux","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540601150497","article-title":"Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) in HIV-1-negative patients: a retrospective study 2002\u20132004","volume":"39","author":"Overgaard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.113.5.1215","article-title":"Use of adjunctive corticosteroids in severe adult non-HIV Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia","volume":"113","author":"Pareja","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2019092716314586000_DKW158C82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1086\/342338","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in critically ill patients with malignancy: a descriptive study","volume":"35","author":"Zahar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article-pdf\/71\/9\/2405\/30069070\/dkw158.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T16:00:41Z","timestamp":1692460841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article\/71\/9\/2405\/2237835"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,12]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkw158","relation":{},"ISSN":["1460-2091","0305-7453"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1460-2091","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0305-7453","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,12]]}}}