{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:44:22Z","timestamp":1790232262852,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Janssen Pharmaceutica"},{"name":"Research Foundation \u2013 Flanders","award":["FWO 1.8.020.09.N.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FWO 1.8.020.09.N.00"]}]},{"name":"Research Foundation \u2013 Flanders","award":["FWO, 1S32916N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FWO, 1S32916N"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The gold standard for HIV-1 treatment is to administer triple antiretroviral therapy, but a shift to simplified regimens is being explored. Boosted darunavir monotherapy can be considered for patients who are for specific reasons not good candidates for dual or triple therapy. Still, a number of patients fail virologically or need to switch treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify predictive markers for those patients that are more likely to sustain virological control under monotherapy, virological and immunological markers were explored in HIV-1-positive patients that experienced virological failure on ritonavir-boosted darunavir monotherapy in the PROTEA trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>As a retrospective nested study of the PROTEA study (NCT01448707), we analysed 77 HIV-1-infected patients who were on darunavir\/ritonavir 800\/100\u2009mg monotherapy up to 96\u2009weeks. Patients were appointed to three distinct cohorts based on viral loads (VLs): (i) undetectable VL after 96\u2009weeks; (ii) very-low-level viraemia (5\u201339 copies\/mL); and (iii) failing treatment. Total HIV-1 DNA, integrated HIV-1 DNA and 2-long terminal repeat circular HIV-1 DNA (2LTR circles) were measured in PBMCs at baseline, week 48 and week 96.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Total HIV-1 DNA and integrated HIV-1 DNA at baseline differed significantly between patients who experienced virological failure on monotherapy (P\u205f&lt;\u205f0.01 and P\u205f&lt;\u205f0.001). Although a higher level of HIV-1 DNA was measured in failures, this marker by itself does not provide enough predictive value to prospectively predict virological failure in patients on monotherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIV-1 reservoir markers correlate with therapy failure in ritonavir-boosted darunavir monotherapy. However, their role as a predictive marker combined with other markers in a routine clinical setting should be further explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]],"date-time":"2019-06-03T11:07:41Z","timestamp":1559560061000},"page":"3030-3034","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Evaluation of HIV-1 reservoir levels as possible markers for virological failure during boosted darunavir monotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Sofie","family":"Rutsaert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ward","family":"De Spiegelaere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 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