{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T03:32:18Z","timestamp":1778902338587,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]],"date-time":"2019-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01HD085887"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01HD085887"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Society of Family Planning Research Fund","award":["SFPRF14-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFPRF14-12"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>We previously demonstrated that etonogestrel concentrations were 82% lower in women using etonogestrel contraceptive implants plus efavirenz-based ART compared with women not receiving ART.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the genetic contribution to this previously observed drug\u2013drug interaction through studying SNPs in genes known to be involved in efavirenz, nevirapine or etonogestrel metabolism in the same group of women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here, we present a secondary analysis evaluating SNPs involved in efavirenz, nevirapine and etonogestrel metabolism and associated etonogestrel pharmacokinetics among 57 women, 19 not receiving ART (control group), 19 receiving efavirenz- (600\u2009mg daily) based ART and 19 receiving nevirapine- (200\u2009mg twice daily) based ART. Associations between patient genotype and etonogestrel pharmacokinetic parameters were determined through univariate and multivariate linear regression. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02082652).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Within the control group, CYP2B6 983\u2009T&gt;C was associated with 27% higher etonogestrel Cmax and 28% higher AUC0\u201324weeks. In the efavirenz group CYP2B6 516\u2009G&gt;T was associated with 43% lower etonogestrel Cmin and 34% lower AUC0\u201324weeks. For participants receiving nevirapine, NR1I2 63396\u2009C&gt;T was associated with 39% lower etonogestrel Cmin and 37% lower AUC0\u201324weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates the influence of pharmacogenetics on the extent of drug\u2013drug interactions between etonogestrel and efavirenz- or nevirapine-based ART. Efavirenz plus the etonogestrel contraceptive implant results in a detrimental drug\u2013drug interaction irrespective of patient genetics, which is worsened in women possessing variant alleles for these CYP2B6 SNPs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,2]],"date-time":"2019-07-02T19:10:09Z","timestamp":1562094609000},"page":"3003-3010","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Effect of patient genetics on etonogestrel pharmacokinetics when combined with efavirenz or nevirapine ART"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4960-2139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan","family":"Neary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine 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