{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T15:19:19Z","timestamp":1790263159501,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]],"date-time":"2019-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences, Inc.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies 1878 and 1844 demonstrated non-inferior efficacy of switching suppressed HIV-1-infected adults to bictegravir\/emtricitabine\/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC\/FTC\/TAF) versus continuing boosted PI-based triple regimens or dolutegravir\/abacavir\/lamivudine (DTG\/ABC\/3TC). Here, detailed analyses of pre-existing resistance in the two BIC\/FTC\/TAF switch studies and efficacy at week 48 are described.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pre-existing resistance was assessed from historical genotypes (documented resistance to study drugs was excluded) and by retrospective baseline proviral archive DNA genotyping from whole blood. Outcomes were based on HIV-1 RNA at week 48 with missing values imputed using the last on-treatment observation carried forward method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cumulative pre-existing resistance data from historical and proviral genotypes were obtained for 95% (543\/570) of participants who switched to BIC\/FTC\/TAF. Altogether, 40% (217\/543) had one or more pre-existing primary resistance substitutions in protease, reverse transcriptase and\/or integrase. Pre-switch NRTI resistance was detected in 16% (89\/543) of BIC\/FTC\/TAF-treated participants, with M184V or M184I detected by proviral genotyping in 10% (54\/543). At week 48, 98% (561\/570) of all BIC\/FTC\/TAF-treated participants versus 98% (213\/217) with pre-existing resistance and 96% (52\/54) with archived M184V\/I had HIV-1 RNA &lt;50\u2009copies\/mL. No BIC\/FTC\/TAF-treated participants developed treatment-emergent resistance to study drugs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pre-existing resistance substitutions, notably M184V\/I, were unexpectedly common among suppressed participants who switched to BIC\/FTC\/TAF. High rates of virological suppression were maintained in the overall study population and in those with pre-existing resistance, including M184V\/I, for up to 48\u2009weeks of BIC\/FTC\/TAF treatment with no resistance development. These results indicate that BIC\/FTC\/TAF is an effective treatment option for suppressed patients, including those with evidence of archived NRTI resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]],"date-time":"2019-07-24T07:25:50Z","timestamp":1563953150000},"page":"3555-3564","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Switching to bictegravir\/emtricitabine\/tenofovir alafenamide maintained HIV-1 RNA suppression in participants with archived antiretroviral resistance including M184V\/I"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Kristen","family":"Andreatta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeleine","family":"Willkom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilian","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Pei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiba","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Quirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hal","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten L","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019111507201634700_dkz347-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.8431","article-title":"Antiretroviral drugs for treatment and prevention of HIV infection in adults - 2018 recommendations of the International Antiviral Society\u2013USA Panel","volume":"320","author":"Saag","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2019111507201634700_dkz347-B2"},{"key":"2019111507201634700_dkz347-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001306","article-title":"Antiviral activity, safety, and pharmacokinetics of bictegravir as 10-day monotherapy in HIV-1-infected adults","volume":"75","author":"Gallant","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2019111507201634700_dkz347-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7086","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01474-16","article-title":"Antiviral activity of bictegravir (GS-9883), a novel potent HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitor with an improved resistance profile","volume":"60","author":"Tsiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2019111507201634700_dkz347-B5","author":"Mulato"},{"key":"2019111507201634700_dkz347-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32299-7","article-title":"Bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide versus dolutegravir, abacavir, and lamivudine for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection (GS-US-380-1489): a double-blind, multicentre, phase 3, randomised controlled non-inferiority trial","volume":"390","author":"Gallant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019111507201634700_dkz347-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32340-1","article-title":"Coformulated bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide versus dolutegravir with emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide, for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection (GS-US-380-1490): a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 3, non-inferiority trial","volume":"390","author":"Sax","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019111507201634700_dkz347-B8","first-page":"e355","article-title":"Bictegravir Combined with Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Alafenamide Versus Dolutegravir, Abacavir, and Lamivudine for Initial Treatment of HIV-1 Infection: Week 96 Results from a Randomised, Double-Blind, Multicentre, Phase 3, Non-Inferiority Trial","volume-title":"Lancet HIV","author":"Wohl","year":"2019"},{"key":"2019111507201634700_dkz347-B9","first-page":"e364","article-title":"Co-Formulated Bictegravir, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Alafenamide Versus Dolutegravir with Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Alafenamide for Initial Treatment of HIV-1 Infection: Week 96 Results from a Randomised, Double-Blind, Multicentre, Phase 3, Non-Inferiority Trial","volume-title":"Lancet HIV","author":"Stellbrink"},{"key":"2019111507201634700_dkz347-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e347","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(18)30091-2","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of switching to fixed-dose bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide from boosted protease inhibitor-based regimens in virologically suppressed adults with HIV-1: 48 week results of a randomised, open-label, multicentre, phase 3, non-inferiority trial","volume":"5","author":"Daar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"2019111507201634700_dkz347-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e357","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(18)30092-4","article-title":"Switching to fixed-dose bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide from dolutegravir plus abacavir and lamivudine in virologically suppressed adults with HIV-1: 48 week results of a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, active-controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority trial","volume":"5","author":"Molina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"2019111507201634700_dkz347-B12","first-page":": 132","article-title":"Special contribution: 2017 update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1","volume":"24","author":"Wensing","year":"2017","journal-title":". 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