{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T01:39:15Z","timestamp":1785893955627,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]],"date-time":"2019-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Korea Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NRF-2019R1H1A2080024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2019R1H1A2080024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The present study was designed to investigate a synergistic staphylocidal interaction of antimicrobials.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The widely used preservative benzoic acid (BzA) and its derivatives [4-hydroxybenzoic acid (HA) and \u03b2-resorcylic acid (\u03b2-RA)] combined with capric acid (CPA) were investigated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\u03b2-RA was identified as the most effective antimicrobial exhibiting synergistic action with CPA against both Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA. For example, a complete reduction of bacteria (&amp;gt;7.3 log reduction) was obtained within 5\u2009min after treatment with 5.0\u2009mM \u03b2-RA (0.079%) plus 0.20\u2009mM CPA (0.004%), while treatment with each material individually showed low bactericidal effects (&amp;lt;1.5 log reduction). Flow cytometry analysis identified membrane disruption related to the synergistic mechanisms, including the following: (i) membrane disruption by CPA (69.2% of cells were damaged by 0.20\u2009mM CPA treatment); (ii) antimicrobial entry through the damaged membrane; and (iii) cytoplasmic ion imbalance resulting in cell death. We verified that the synergistic combination was also effective against MRSA on artificial skin (99.989% elimination after 5\u2009min).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used only consumer-preferred natural-borne antimicrobials and a very small amount of material was needed based on the synergistic effects. Therefore, these antimicrobials can be widely used as alternative anti-MRSA compounds in healthcare products, cosmetics, pharmaceutical products, foods and for environmental hygiene.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]],"date-time":"2019-11-05T15:10:16Z","timestamp":1572966616000},"page":"571-575","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Synergistic staphylocidal interaction of benzoic acid derivatives (benzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and \u03b2-resorcylic acid) and capric acid: mechanism and verification study using artificial skin"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"H W","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y S","family":"Seok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0412-1910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M S","family":"Rhee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020021410593841200_dkz494-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/827965","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcal food-borne disease: an ongoing challenge in public health","volume":"2014","author":"Kadariya","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res 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