{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T21:45:44Z","timestamp":1782423944034,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) with vancomycin is a common treatment modality for certain Gram-positive infections. Data regarding the safety of various models of delivery are limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To review outcomes of a nurse-led OPAT vancomycin monitoring service.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients referred to a nurse-led OPAT vancomycin clinic from December 2015 to March 2018. Patients were administered IV vancomycin in the home with active laboratory monitoring of vancomycin trough levels, renal function and complete blood count using an integrated electronic database linked with community laboratories (virtual vancomycin clinic, VVC). Monitoring was coordinated by nurses with physician approval of recommended dosing changes. Data were extracted from the electronic medical record. Demographics; clinical indication; microbial aetiology; culture source; antimicrobial regimen(s); serum creatinine and vancomycin trough values; initiation, discharge and completion dates; hospitalizations; adverse events; and outcomes were all evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred and seventy-five patients underwent a total of 301 courses of OPAT with vancomycin; 285 courses were completed. The rate of treatment discontinuation due to adverse effects was 33\/301 (11.0%), with 15\/33 (45.5%) being due to renal adverse effects (15\/301 [5.0%] of episodes). Two of 15 (18.2%) patients developed stage 2 acute kidney injury (AKI), and no patients had stage 3 AKI or required haemodialysis. Nine of 301 (3.0%) required readmission for treatment failure. Nursing costs associated with monitoring were $63.93 CAD\/patient ($48.43 USD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A nurse-led VVC was a safe, effective and inexpensive modality for administering outpatient vancomycin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaa113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]],"date-time":"2020-11-23T22:36:16Z","timestamp":1606170976000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluating the safety and effectiveness of a nurse-led outpatient virtual IV vancomycin monitoring clinic: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Kate S","family":"Grattan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St Joseph\u2019s Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Mohamed Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Joseph\u2019s Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed M","family":"Hosseini-Moghaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Joseph\u2019s Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayley J I","family":"Gilmour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Joseph\u2019s Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory P","family":"Crunican","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Joseph\u2019s Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Joseph\u2019s Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly A","family":"Muhsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Joseph\u2019s Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rochelle","family":"Johnstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise C","family":"Bondy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Joseph\u2019s Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan K","family":"Devlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Joseph\u2019s Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Shalhoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Joseph\u2019s Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameer","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Joseph\u2019s Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S","family":"Silverman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Joseph\u2019s Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Western University, London, Ontario, 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