{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:04:30Z","timestamp":1790665470818,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":83,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012319","name":"National Center for Global Health and Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19A1002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19A1002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012319","name":"National Center for Global Health and Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20A1020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20A1020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ViiV Healthcare Supported International Clinical Research","award":["ViiV Ref. 209459"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ViiV Ref. 209459"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To assess the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of Mycoplasma genitalium detected from urogenital\/rectal swab samples obtained from MSM in Tokyo, Japan.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We performed PCR-based screening for M. genitalium urogenital\/rectal infection in 982 asymptomatic MSM between 1 January 2019 and 5 November 2020. Mutations in the antibiotic resistance-associated genes gyrA and parC and the 23S rRNA of M. genitalium were analysed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence of M. genitalium infection was 6.1%: the prevalence of rectal and urogenital infection was 4.7% and 1.4%, respectively. Among the cases, 48 were successfully analysed for 23S rRNA, 41 for parC mutations and 37 for gyrA mutations. Macrolide- and quinolone-resistance associated mutations (23S rRNA and parC mutations) were observed in 43 (89.6%) and 28 (68.3%) cases, respectively. The quinolone-resistance associated mutation-harbouring variants also harboured macrolide-resistance associated mutations. The S83I mutation in the parC gene was most commonly identified (24 cases, 58.5%), and its combination with M95I or D99N mutation in the gyrA gene was observed in 9 of 36 successfully analysed cases (25.0%). No significant association was observed between the presence of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic exposure for either macrolides or fluoroquinolones (P\u2009=\u20090.785 and 0.402, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In Tokyo, there is an alarmingly high prevalence of M. genitalium harbouring macrolide and\/or quinolone resistance-associated mutations in MSM, irrespective of antibiotic exposure. The high prevalence of M. genitalium strains with both parC and gyrA mutations limits the efficacy of sitafloxacin. Therefore, suitable alternatives are required to treat such M. genitalium infections.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T11:09:07Z","timestamp":1623755347000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["High prevalence of circulating dual-class resistant <i>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/i> in asymptomatic MSM in Tokyo, Japan"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5520-2780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naokatsu","family":"Ando","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Mizushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misao","family":"Takano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morika","family":"Mitobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Miyake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Sadamasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruka","family":"Uemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuaki","family":"Yanagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Gatanaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070810431771500_dlab091-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00006-11","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium: from Chrysalis to multicolored butterfly","volume":"24","author":"Taylor-Robinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2021070810431771500_dlab091-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ312","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium infection and female reproductive tract disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Lis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021070810431771500_dlab091-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2504.181258","article-title":"Symptoms, sites, and significance of Mycoplasma genitalium in men who have sex with men","volume":"25","author":"Read","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021070810431771500_dlab091-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S420","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix200","article-title":"Developing a public health response to Mycoplasma genitalium","volume":"216 Suppl 2","author":"Golden","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021070810431771500_dlab091-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz294","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium in symptomatic male urethritis: macrolide use is associated with increased resistance","volume":"70","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021070810431771500_dlab091-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1086\/593188","article-title":"Azithromycin treatment failure in Mycoplasma genitalium-positive patients with nongonococcal urethritis is associated with induced macrolide resistance","volume":"47","author":"Jensen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021070810431771500_dlab091-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2305.161745","article-title":"Increasing macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium","volume":"23","author":"Murray","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021070810431771500_dlab091-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462413502008","article-title":"Failure of moxifloxacin treatment in Mycoplasma genitalium infections due to macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance","volume":"24","author":"Couldwell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"2021070810431771500_dlab091-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0198355","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198355","article-title":"Mutations in ParC and GyrA of moxifloxacin-resistant and susceptible Mycoplasma genitalium 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macrolides and fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma genitalium in Belgium: results from samples collected between 2015 and 2018","volume":"97","author":"De Baetselier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2021070810431771500_dlab091-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2015.03.010","article-title":"Development and clinical application of an InvaderPlus assay for the detection of genital mycoplasmas","volume":"21","author":"Takanashi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"2021070810431771500_dlab091-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2608.191806","article-title":"Doxycycline and sitafloxacin combination therapy for treating highly resistant Mycoplasma genitalium","volume":"26","author":"Durukan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Infect 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