{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:59:38Z","timestamp":1790787578222,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":71,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000313","name":"BSAC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000313","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review temporal changes in the proportions of different Enterococcus species recorded in two UK bacteraemia surveillance systems. Antibiotic resistance trends were also considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reviewed data for enterococci from 2001 to 2019 in: (a) the BSAC Resistance Surveillance Programme, which collected up to 7\u201310 bloodstream enterococci every year from each of 23\u201339 hospitals in the UK and Ireland and tested these centrally; and (b) PHE bacteraemia surveillance, using routine results from NHS microbiology laboratories in England.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BSAC surveillance, based upon 206\u2013255 enterococci each year (4486 in total), indicated that the proportion of Enterococcus faecium rose from 31% (212\/692) in the period 2001\u20133 to 51% (354\/696) in the period 2017\u201319, balanced by corresponding falls in the proportion of Enterococcus faecalis. PHE surveillance provided a larger dataset, with &amp;gt;5000 enterococcus reports per year; although its identifications are less precise, it too indicated a rise in the proportion of E. faecium. BSAC surveillance for E. faecium indicated no consistent trends in resistance to ampicillin (\u226586% in all years), vancomycin (annual rates 19%\u201340%) or high-level resistance to gentamicin (31%\u201359%). Resistance to vancomycin remained &amp;lt;4% in E. faecalis in all years, whilst high-level resistance to gentamicin fell, perhaps partly reflecting the decline of two initially prevalent gentamicin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant clones.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both surveillance systems indicate a growing proportion of E. faecium in enterococcal bloodstream infections. This is important because fewer therapeutic options remain against this frequently multiresistant species than against E. faecalis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T16:55:12Z","timestamp":1638291312000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Replacement of\n                    <i>Enterococcus faecalis<\/i>\n                    by\n                    <i>Enterococcus faecium<\/i>\n                    as the predominant enterococcus in UK bacteraemias"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Carolyne","family":"Horner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shazad","family":"Mushtaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Health Security Agency, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Birmingham, UK"},{"name":"Merck Sharp & Dohme (UK) Limited, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2838-6833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Russell","family":"Hope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Health Security Agency, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Gerver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Health Security Agency, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Longshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Birmingham, UK"},{"name":"Shionogi B.V., London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosy","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Woodford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Health Security Agency, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M","family":"Livermore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121100024877600_dlab185-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00355-19","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00355-19","article-title":"The microbiology of bloodstream infection: 20-year trends from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program","volume":"63","author":"Diekema","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2021121100024877600_dlab185-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.4.686","article-title":"Vancomycin-resistant enterococci","volume":"13","author":"Cetinkaya","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2021121100024877600_dlab185-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.02.012","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes for Enterococcus spp. blood stream infections: a population-based study","volume":"26","author":"Billington","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021121100024877600_dlab185-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii15","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn349","article-title":"Survey, laboratory and statistical methods for the BSAC Resistance Surveillance Programmes","volume":"62","author":"Reynolds","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2021121100024877600_dlab185-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.1.24-27.1995","article-title":"Detection of glycopeptide resistance genotypes and identification to the species level of clinically relevant enterococci by PCR","volume":"33","author":"Dutka-Malen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2021121100024877600_dlab185-B6","year":"2021"},{"key":"2021121100024877600_dlab185-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg408","article-title":"Two widely disseminated strains of Enterococcus faecalis highly resistant to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin from bacteraemias in the UK and Ireland","volume":"52","author":"Woodford","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2021121100024877600_dlab185-B8","author":"Public Health England. 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