{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T23:09:46Z","timestamp":1785798586193,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]],"date-time":"2021-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":72,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To describe our real-life experience with cefiderocol in XDR and difficult-to-treat resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (DTR-P) infections without any other available treatment options.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We included patients with a proven infection due to an XDR\/DTR-P, who had failed on previous regimens, and were treated with cefiderocol, following them prospectively to day 90 or until hospital discharge or death.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Seventeen patients treated for &amp;gt;72 h with cefiderocol were included: 14 receiving combination regimens (82.4%) and 3 receiving monotherapy (17.6%). Fourteen patients were males (82%) with a median age of 64 years (IQR 58\u201373). Fifteen patients (88.2%) were admitted to the ICU and five had septic shock (29%). Seven cases (41.2%) were ventilator-associated pneumonia, of which 71% (5\/7) occurred in COVID-19 patients. Four were complicated intrabdominal infections, one ecthyma gangrenosum, one nosocomial pneumonia and one empyema, one osteomyelitis, one primary bacteraemia, and one nosocomial external ventricular drainage meningitis. Clinical cure and microbiological cure rates were 70.6% and 76.5%, respectively. There were six deaths (35.3%) after a median of 8 days (IQR 3\u201310) from the end of treatment, but only two of them (11.7%) were associated with P. aeruginosa infection progression.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our experience collecting this large case series of DTR-P treated with cefiderocol may help clinicians consider this new option in this hard-to-manage setting. Our results are even more relevant in the current scenario of ceftolozane\/tazobactam shortage. Importantly, this is the first study providing real-life data indicating adequate cefiderocol concentrations in CSF.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T12:08:01Z","timestamp":1637928481000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Real-life experience with compassionate use of cefiderocol for difficult-to-treat resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i> (DTR-P) infections"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1254-9995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"Meschiari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Volpi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Faltoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9948-652X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Dolci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Orlando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Franceschini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Menozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Sarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Del Fabro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Fumarola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Guarneri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Lanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Lorenzotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Saccani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liana","family":"Signorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Van Hauwermeiren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milo","family":"Gatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SSD Clinical Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, University Hospital IRCCS Policlinico Sant\u2019Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Pea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SSD Clinical Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, University Hospital IRCCS Policlinico Sant\u2019Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Castelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Mussini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121106085745400_dlab188-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv402","article-title":"In vitro antimicrobial activity of S-649266, a catechol-substituted siderophore cephalosporin, when tested against non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"71","author":"Ito","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2021121106085745400_dlab188-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S544","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz827","article-title":"In vitro activity of cefiderocol against a broad range of clinically important Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"69","author":"Yamano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021121106085745400_dlab188-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30554-1","article-title":"Cefiderocol versus imipenem-cilastatin for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections caused by Gram-negative uropathogens: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial","volume":"18","author":"Portsmouth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect 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Dis"},{"key":"2021121106085745400_dlab188-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1103","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1799","article-title":"US Food and Drug Administration (FDA): benefit-risk considerations for cefiderocol (Fetroja\u00ae)","volume":"72","author":"Naseer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021121106085745400_dlab188-B7","first-page":"1803","article-title":"Difficult-to-treat resistance in Gram-negative bacteremia at 173 US hospitals: retrospective cohort analysis of prevalence, predictors, and outcome of resistance to all first-line agents","volume":"67","author":"Kadri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021121106085745400_dlab188-B8","author":"EUCAST","year":"2021"},{"key":"2021121106085745400_dlab188-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: An international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance","volume":"18","author":"Magiorakos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2021121106085745400_dlab188-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2021-0423","article-title":"Simple and accurate quantitative analysis of cefiderocol and ceftobiprole in human plasma using liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry: interest for their therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies","volume":"59","author":"Llopis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"2021121106085745400_dlab188-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10060652","article-title":"Cefiderocol-based combination therapy for \u201cdifficult-to-treat\u201d Gram-negative severe infections: real-life case series and future perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Bavaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"2021121106085745400_dlab188-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1410","article-title":"Cefiderocol as rescue therapy for Acinetobacter baumannii and other carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative infections in intensive care unit patients","volume":"72","author":"Falcone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021121106085745400_dlab188-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9020282","article-title":"Susceptibility testing is key for the success of cefiderocol treatment: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Bleibtreu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2021121106085745400_dlab188-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10050545","article-title":"Ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with covid-19: a systematic 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