{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:48:04Z","timestamp":1790293684227,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R21-AI153580"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21-AI153580"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"American Lung Association Research Grant"},{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["T32 AI007291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AI007291"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa has the ability to exhibit resistance to a broad range of antibiotics, highlighting the importance of identifying alternative or adjunctive treatment options, such as phages.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We report the case of a 25-year-old male who experienced an accidental electrocution resulting in exposed calvarium in the left parieto-temporal region, complicated by a difficult-to-treat P. aeruginosa (DTR-P. aeruginosa) infection. Cefiderocol was the sole antibiotic with consistent activity against six bacterial isolates obtained from the infected region over a 38\u2005day period.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>WGS analysis identified a blaGES-1 gene as well as the MDR efflux pumps MexD and MexX in all six of the patient\u2019s ST235 DTR-P. aeruginosa isolates, when compared with the reference genome P. aeruginosa PA01 and a P. aeruginosa ST235 isolate from an unrelated patient. After debridement of infected scalp and bone, the patient received approximately 6\u2005weeks of cefiderocol in conjunction with IV phage Pa14NP\u00f8PASA16. Some improvement was observed after the initiation of cefiderocol; however, sustained local site improvement and haemodynamic stability were not achieved until phage was administered. No medication-related toxicities were observed. The patient remains infection free more than 12\u2005months after completion of therapy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This report adds to the growing literature that phage therapy may be a safe and effective approach to augment antibiotic therapy for patients infected with drug-resistant pathogens. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of the GES \u03b2-lactamase family in contributing to inactivation of a broad range of \u03b2-lactam antibiotics in P. aeruginosa, including ceftolozane\/tazobactam, ceftazidime\/avibactam and imipenem\/relebactam.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlac046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T11:08:27Z","timestamp":1649934507000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Combination of phage therapy and cefiderocol to successfully treat <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i> cranial osteomyelitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Patricia J.","family":"Simner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerald","family":"Cherian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gina A.","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yehudit","family":"Bergman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Beisken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ares Genetics , Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Fackler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adaptive Phage Therapeutics , Gaithersburg, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adaptive Phage Therapeutics , Gaithersburg, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Hopkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4143-6324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pranita D.","family":"Tamma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022072608193508900_dlac046-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00040-09","article-title":"Antibacterial-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: clinical impact and complex regulation of chromosomally encoded resistance mechanisms","volume":"22","author":"Lister","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol 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