{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T03:04:37Z","timestamp":1789614277043,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Office of Research and Development","award":["IIR HX002452"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIR HX002452"]}]},{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Office of Research and Development","award":["RCS 20-192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RCS 20-192"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Viridans group streptococci (VGS) are typically part of the commensal flora but can also cause severe invasive diseases such as infective endocarditis. There are limited data available showing antibiotic susceptibility over time for VGS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate antibiotic susceptibility trends in VGS over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In vitro susceptibility patterns for 33 antibiotics were examined for Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, and non-speciated VGS isolates from patients in Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Centers in the United States between 2010 and 2020. Susceptibility determinations were made by the individual clinical microbiology laboratories and data were retrospectively collected from the VA Corporate Data Warehouse. Susceptibility trends were analysed using Poisson regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 14\u200a981 VGS isolates were included of which 19.5%, 0.7% and 79.8% were S. mitis, S. oralis and non-speciated VGS isolates, respectively. Cumulative susceptibility rates across all years were similar between species for ceftriaxone (range: 96.0% to 100%), clindamycin (81.3% to 84.5%), and vancomycin (99.7% to 100%). For penicillin, susceptibility rates were 71.0%, 80.9% and 86.3% for S. mitis, S. oralis and non-speciated isolates, respectively. From 2010 to 2020, susceptibility of non-speciated VGS isolates decreased for erythromycin (P\u200a=\u200a0.0674), penicillin (P\u200a=\u200a0.0835), and tetracycline (P\u200a=\u200a0.0994); though the decrease was only significant for clindamycin (P\u200a=\u200a0.0033). For S. mitis, a significant susceptibility rate decrease was observed for erythromycin (P\u200a=\u200a0.0112).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Susceptibility rates for some clinically relevant antibiotics declined between 2010 and 2020. This worrisome trend highlights the need to improve antimicrobial stewardship efforts to limit unnecessary antibiotic use and preserve empirical treatment options.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlac049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T15:15:58Z","timestamp":1650467758000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of viridans group streptococci isolates in the United States from 2010 to 2020"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Nidhi","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy , Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Poggensee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Edward Hines Jr VA Hospital , Hines, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanqin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy , Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlesnika T.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Healthcare Studies and Department of Preventive Medicine Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL, USA"},{"name":"Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs , Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie J.","family":"Suda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs , Pittsburgh, PA, USA"},{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5396-911X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zackery P.","family":"Bulman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy , Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022072608202959500_dlac049-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1206782","article-title":"Clinical practice. 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