{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T11:38:42Z","timestamp":1785584322798,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001322","name":"South African Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004695","name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004695","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate the appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing among GPs in the private primary healthcare sector in South Africa.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An anonymized national database of claims for antibiotic prescriptions was obtained from a large medical insurer. Antibiotic prescriptions were categorized based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes as \u2018appropriate\u2019, \u2018potentially appropriate\u2019 and \u2018inappropriate\u2019 using a classification scheme developed by Chua et al. (BMJ 2019; 364: k5092). Further assessments of antibiotic choice, dosage and duration of treatment were carried out to determine the appropriateness of \u2018appropriate\u2019 and \u2018potentially appropriate\u2019 prescriptions in comparison with treatment guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In February 2018, 188\u200a141 antibiotics were prescribed for 174\u200a889 patients who consulted GPs in the private sector. Penicillins were the most frequently prescribed antibiotic class, making up 40.7% of all antibiotics prescribed. Amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic, making up 28.6% of all antibiotics prescribed. Diseases of the respiratory system generated the highest number of prescriptions, making up 46.1% of all diagnoses. Of all prescriptions, 8.8% were appropriate, 32.0% were potentially appropriate, 45.4% were inappropriate and 13.8% could not be assessed. Of the appropriately and potentially appropriately prescribed antibiotics, 30.8% were correct antibiotic selections. Of the correctly selected antibiotics for adults, 57.7% had correct doses. Of the antibiotics prescribed with correct doses for adults, 76.7% had correct dosage frequencies and durations of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study revealed that antibiotics were frequently prescribed inappropriately by GPs in the private primary healthcare sector. There is thus a need to develop stewardship interventions in the sector.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlac101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T19:43:50Z","timestamp":1664567030000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Antibiotic prescribing amongst South African general practitioners in private practice: an analysis of a health insurance database"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4478-0534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mobolaji Eniola","family":"Alabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu , Natal, Durban , South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3357-2761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabiha Yusuf","family":"Essack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu , Natal, Durban , South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022093015450483900_dlac101-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0138179","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138179","article-title":"Inappropriate use of antibiotics and its associated factors among urban and rural communities of Bahir Dar City administration, Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"10","author":"Gebeyehu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"2022093015450483900_dlac101-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2019.1700947","article-title":"Ongoing strategies to improve the management of upper respiratory tract infections and reduce inappropriate antibiotic use particularly among lower and middle-income 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