{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T03:28:40Z","timestamp":1792466920483,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000276","name":"Department of Health and Social Care","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CwE.B02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CwE.B02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance threatens adequate healthcare provision against infectious diseases. Antibiograms, combined with patient clinical history, enable clinicians and pharmacists to select the best empirical treatments prior to culture results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop a local antibiogram for the Ho Teaching Hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective cross-sectional study, using data collected on bacterial isolates from January\u2013December 2021. Samples from urine, stool, sputum, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were considered as well as, aspirates and swabs from wound, ears and vagina of patients. Bacteria were cultured on both enrichment and selective media including blood agar supplemented with 5% sheep blood and MacConkey agar, and identified by both the VITEK 2 system and routine biochemical tests. Data on routine culture and sensitivity tests performed on bacterial isolates from patient samples were retrieved from the hospital\u2019s health information system. Data were then entered into and analysed using WHONET.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 891 pathogenic microorganisms were isolated from 835 patients who had positive culture tests. Gram-negative isolates accounted for about 77% of the total bacterial species. Escherichia coli (246), Pseudomonas spp. (180), Klebsiella spp. (168), Citrobacter spp. (101) and Staphylococcus spp. (78) were the five most isolated pathogens. Most of the bacterial isolates showed high resistance (&amp;gt;70%) to ampicillin, piperacillin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, penicillin G, amoxicillin, amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid, ticarcillin\/clavulanic acid and trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The isolates from the various samples were not susceptible to most of the antibiotics used in the study. The study reveals the resistance patterns of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. to some antibiotics on the WHO \u2018Watch\u2019 and \u2018Reserve\u2019 lists. Using antibiograms as part of antimicrobial stewardship programmes would optimize antibiotic use and preserve their efficacy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlad024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T07:28:39Z","timestamp":1679902119000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Development of a local antibiogram for a teaching hospital in Ghana"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4369-8245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cornelius C","family":"Dodoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences , Ho , Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayford","family":"Odoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences , Ho , Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adelaide","family":"Mensah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences , Ho , Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karikari","family":"Asafo-Adjei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Department, Ho Teaching Hospital , Ho , Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Ampomah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences , Ho , Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Obeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences , Ho , Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Jato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of 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London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Abba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection Operations Division, UK Health Security Agency , London , UK"},{"name":"Centre for Medicines Optimisation Research and Education, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust & UCL School of Pharmacy , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yogini H","family":"Jani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medicines Optimisation Research and Education, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust & UCL School of Pharmacy , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023032707075428900_","first-page":"19","article-title":"Antibiotic prescribing habits among primary healthcare workers in Northern Nigeria: a concern for patient safety in the era of global 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