{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:22:04Z","timestamp":1789471324018,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main aetiological agent in bacterial pneumonia. Therefore pneumococcal PCR is often included in respiratory multiplex PCR panels, both commercial and in-house. But respiratory PCR results for S. pneumoniae are difficult to interpret due to frequent non-pathogenic colonization on the mucosal surface of the upper airways with pneumococci or to cross-reaction of the PCR target in non-pneumococcal streptococci. In this study we investigated the value of lytA gene pneumococcal PCR in patients presenting with pneumonia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To assess the utility of lytA gene detection for S. pneumoniae in a respiratory multiplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) panel for patients presenting with pneumonia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A retrospective study was conducted for lytA gene results as target for S. pneumoniae in hospitalized patients who were diagnosed with pneumonia and for which a respiratory multiplex PCR panel was performed. Patients were classified as \u2018probable\u2019, \u2018possible\u2019 or \u2018unlikely\u2019 of having a pneumococcal pneumonia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity of 89.6% were found, corresponding to a negative predictive value and positive predictive value of 97.6% and 34.2%, respectively, when considering \u2018probable\u2019 versus \u2018possible\/unlikely\u2019. In the PCR-positive cases we found a statistically significant difference in semi-quantitative Ct values between the \u2018probable\u2019 and the \u2018possible\/unlikely\u2019 groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conclude that a negative qPCR for the lytA gene in a respiratory sample is highly predictive of a negative S. pneumoniae culture and is possibly sufficient to exclude S. pneumoniae as a causative agent. Respiratory pneumococcal PCR has a high negative predictive value for pneumococcal disease but the positive predictive value is low.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlad115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T19:11:18Z","timestamp":1699384278000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Value of pneumococcal PCR in respiratory samples for exclusion of pneumococcal pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4784-0229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam","family":"Van Goethem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium"},{"name":"Hospital Outbreak Support Team, ZAS Hospital Network , Antwerp , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Van Lint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Laboratory, GZA Hospitals Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium {C}%3C!%2D%2D%7C%7CrmComment%7C%7C%3C~show%20%5BAQ%20ID%3DAQ3%5D~%3E%2D%2D%3E"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Willems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Laboratory, GZA Hospitals Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium {C}%3C!%2D%2D%7C%7CrmComment%7C%7C%3C~show%20%5BAQ%20ID%3DAQ3%5D~%3E%2D%2D%3E"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Van Herendael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Laboratory, GZA Hospitals Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium {C}%3C!%2D%2D%7C%7CrmComment%7C%7C%3C~show%20%5BAQ%20ID%3DAQ3%5D~%3E%2D%2D%3E"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrien","family":"Hoet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Laboratory, GZA Hospitals Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium {C}%3C!%2D%2D%7C%7CrmComment%7C%7C%3C~show%20%5BAQ%20ID%3DAQ3%5D~%3E%2D%2D%3E"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023122114503926400_dlad115-B1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Une lettre de Pasteur \u00e0 propos de la rage","volume":"20","author":"Maurice-Raynaud","year":"1986","journal-title":"His Sci Med"},{"key":"2023122114503926400_dlad115-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.7.5.473","article-title":"Studies on the pneumococcus","volume":"7","author":"Duval","year":"1905","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2023122114503926400_dlad115-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.2307\/4584342","article-title":"A nation-wide study of the bacterial etiology of the pneumonias","volume":"58","author":"Rumreich","year":"1943","journal-title":"Public Health Reports 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