{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T18:45:23Z","timestamp":1772563523558,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP15fk0108014h0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP15fk0108014h0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18fk0108062j0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18fk0108062j0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21fk0108605j0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21fk0108605j0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>As antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains have emerged, humans have adjusted the antimicrobials used to treat infections. We identified shifts in the N. gonorrhoeae population and the determinants of AMR strains isolated during the recurring emergence of resistant strains and changes in antimicrobial therapies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We examined 243 N. gonorrhoeae strains corrected at the Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan, these isolated in 1971\u20132005. We performed multilocus sequence typing and AMR determinants (penA, mtrR, porB, ponA, 23S rRNA, gyrA and parC) mainly using high-throughput genotyping methods together with draft whole-genome sequencing on the MiSeq (Illumina) platform.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All 243 strains were divided into 83 STs. ST1901 (n\u200a=\u200a17) was predominant and first identified after 2001. Forty-two STs were isolated in the 1970s, 34 in the 1980s, 22 in the 1990s and 13 in the 2000s, indicating a decline in ST diversity over these decades. Among the 29 strains isolated after 2001, 28 were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin (MIC\u200a\u2265\u200a8\u2005mg\/L) with two or more amino-acid substitutions in quinolone-resistance-determining regions. Seven strains belonging to ST7363 (n\u200a=\u200a3), ST1596 (n\u200a=\u200a3) and ST1901 (n\u200a=\u200a1) were not susceptible to cefixime, and six strains carried penA alleles with mosaic-like penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2; penA 10.001 and 10.016) or PBP2 substitutions A501V and A517G.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We observed a significant reduction in the diversity of N. gonorrhoeae over 35 years in Japan. Since 2001, ST1901, which is resistant to ciprofloxacin, has superseded previous strains, becoming the predominant ST population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlae040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T09:44:02Z","timestamp":1710236642000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Molecular epidemiological and antimicrobial-resistant mechanisms analysis of prolonged <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i> collection between 1971 and 2005 in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Narito","family":"Kagawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infection Control and Prevention, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine , 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540 , Japan"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University , Kanagawa , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kotaro","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9659-3186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kohji","family":"Komori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infection Control and Prevention, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine , 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1943-4648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshikazu","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infection Control and Prevention, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine , 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540 , Japan"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Shimuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo , Japan"},{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Ohnishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Tateda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infection Control and Prevention, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine , 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540 , Japan"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024042911512643100_dlae040-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e235","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30310-9","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections: challenges ahead","volume":"17","author":"Unemo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024042911512643100_dlae040-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-021-02353-8","article-title":"Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance: past to present to future","volume":"78","author":"Aitolo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"2024042911512643100_dlae040-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00010-14","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria 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