{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:24:02Z","timestamp":1787009042610,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["075-10-2021-113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-10-2021-113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF 193021X0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF 193021X0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study aimed to investigate behaviour, knowledge and practices towards antibiotic (AB) use among patients who purchased ABs with a prescription across Russia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Semi-structured interviews conducted in all eight Federal Districts, Moscow and Saint Petersburg in 2022 by 21 researchers trained specifically for this study. Data were analysed using a directed content analysis approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 151 respondents were interviewed. Respiratory symptoms were the most common reason for AB prescription. The majority of patients discussed their complaints with family members or friends before consulting the physician and occasionally looked for information on antimicrobial treatment on the internet. The decision to use an AB was usually made by the physician, although patients often anticipated its prescription. Respondents typically chose to go to the nearest drug store to pick up the medicines, not seeking any recommendation from the local pharmacists. The level of knowledge about the effects of ABs was generally low. In most cases, patients were not aware of antimicrobial resistance and rarely recalled any information campaigns targeting prudent AB use. Respondents admitted COVID-19 had an impact on their behaviour: they have become more caring towards their health, but less likely to seek medical care because of the risk of infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings, in particular low awareness of the population about the effects of ABs and antimicrobial resistance, peculiarities of attitudes and behaviour (significant influence of the environment, tendency to self-diagnose, fairly high level of trust in doctors etc.) can be useful for the development of effective initiatives aiming for prudent AB use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlae041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T09:06:17Z","timestamp":1708506377000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The antibiotic knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of patients purchasing antibiotics with prescription in Russia: a qualitative, comparative analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3329-7846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svetlana","family":"Rachina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department #2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , Kolomensky passage 12\/4, Moscow 119991 , Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9188-5466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Polina","family":"Zakharenkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department, City Polyclinic No. 1 , Kuibysheva 3, Bryansk 241035 , Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8728-1113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"Kozlov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical University , Kirova 46-A, Smolensk 214019 , Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9613-9717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Palagin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical University , Kirova 46-A, Smolensk 214019 , Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7062-4295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ksenia","family":"Shishkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department #2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , Kolomensky passage 12\/4, Moscow 119991 , Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2124-0623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daria","family":"Strelkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department #2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , Kolomensky passage 12\/4, Moscow 119991 , Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3331-4033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daria","family":"Mamchich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department #2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , Kolomensky passage 12\/4, Moscow 119991 , Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B1","author":"ECDC"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0125-x","article-title":"The cost of antimicrobial resistance","volume":"17","author":"Hofer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70071-4","article-title":"Antibiotic use in eastern Europe: a cross-national database study in coordination with the WHO Regional Office for Europe","volume":"14","author":"Versporten","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B4","author":"WHO"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B5","first-page":"5","article-title":"Optimizing the use of antimicrobials in a multidisciplinary hospital: how can analysis of real clinical practice be useful?","volume":"3","author":"Rachina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mosc Med J"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.18549\/PharmPract.2019.1.1394","article-title":"Perceptions in the community about the use of antibiotics without a prescription: exploring ideas behind this practice","volume":"17","author":"Aponte-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharm Pract (Granada)"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16010027","article-title":"Drivers of irrational use of antibiotics in Europe","volume":"16","author":"Machowska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2023.104733","article-title":"Antibiotic prescription: knowledge among physicians and nurses in western Sweden","volume":"130","author":"Carlsson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0258698","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258698","article-title":"Factors influencing inappropriate use of antibiotics: findings from a nationwide survey of the general public in Malaysia","volume":"16","author":"Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9090597","article-title":"Evidence of the practice of self-medication with antibiotics among the lay public in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review","volume":"9","author":"Aslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11050586","article-title":"Antimicrobial dispensing practice in community pharmacies in Russia during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"11","author":"Rachina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B12","first-page":"e50810","article-title":"Self-medication practices among the general population in Al-Baha City, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2021.100717","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practices related to antibiotic use and resistance among the general public of coastal south Karnataka, India\u2014a cross-sectional survey","volume":"11","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7263","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19127263","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance: a latent class analysis of a Romanian population","volume":"19","author":"Pogurschi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2011.11.005","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes and behavior regarding antibiotics use and misuse among adults in the community of Jordan. A pilot study","volume":"20","author":"Shehadeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm J"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2021.1875557","article-title":"Antibiotic knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors: testing competing hypotheses using an urban community sample","volume":"37","author":"Sobeck","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Commun"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-12855-0","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes and practices of parents towards antibiotic use in rural communities in Peru: a cross-sectional multicentre study","volume":"22","author":"Paredes","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2019.05.014","article-title":"The antibiotic knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of patients, doctors and pharmacists in the WHO Eastern European region\u2014a qualitative, comparative analysis of the culture of antibiotic use in Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Russia and Tajikistan","volume":"16","author":"Kaae","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Social Adm Pharm"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800695","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.800695","article-title":"A qualitative analysis of the culture of antibiotic use for upper respiratory tract infections among patients in Northwest Russia","volume":"13","author":"Cantarero-Arevalo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B20","volume-title":"Interviews: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing","author":"Kvale","year":"1996","edition":"1st edn"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306067","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/3306067","article-title":"The antibiotic knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of patients purchasing antibiotics without prescription: results of national survey","volume":"2023","author":"Rachina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Public Health"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B22","author":"The Federal State Statistics Service"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732305276687","article-title":"Three approaches to qualitative content analysis","volume":"15","author":"Hsieh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0193336","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193336","article-title":"Antibiotic use, knowledge and health literacy among the general population in Berlin, Germany and its surrounding rural areas","volume":"13","author":"Salm","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv310","article-title":"A systematic review of the public\u2019s knowledge and beliefs about antibiotic resistance","volume":"71","author":"McCullough","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e026735","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026735","article-title":"Exploring patients\u2019 understanding of antibiotic resistance and how this may influence attitudes towards antibiotic use for acute respiratory infections: a qualitative study in Australian general practice","volume":"9","author":"Bakhit","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B27","article-title":"Students as a target group of public information campaign aimed at combatting antibiotic misuse","author":"Zakharenkova"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000084","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000084","article-title":"Significant reduction of antibiotic use in the community after a nationwide campaign in France, 2002\u20132007","volume":"6","author":"Sabuncu","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1080\/17843286.2020.1721135","article-title":"Antibiotic use and resistance in Belgium: the impact of two decades of multi-faceted campaigning","volume":"76","author":"Bruyndonckx","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Clin Belg"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B30","article-title":"Behaviours and practices towards antibiotic use in northwest Russia","author":"Titkov"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B31","first-page":"25","article-title":"Selfadministration of antimicrobials by the population: results of multicenter study","volume":"11","author":"Andreeva","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antibiot Chemother"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-017-0116-y","article-title":"Antibiotic use practices of pharmacy staff: a cross-sectional study in Saint Petersburg, the Russian Federation","volume":"18","author":"Belkina","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"2024042911520852300_dlae041-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s40545-017-0102-1","article-title":"Antibiotic knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of Albanian health care professionals and patients\u2014a qualitative interview study","volume":"10","author":"Kaae","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pharm Policy Pract"}],"container-title":["JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jacamr\/article-pdf\/6\/2\/dlae041\/57342050\/dlae041.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jacamr\/article-pdf\/6\/2\/dlae041\/57342050\/dlae041.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T08:14:45Z","timestamp":1714378485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jacamr\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jacamr\/dlae041\/7633112"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jacamr\/dlae041","relation":{},"ISSN":["2632-1823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2632-1823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"article-number":"dlae041"}}