{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:08:15Z","timestamp":1793225295728,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82372262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82372262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81991531"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81991531"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China Antimicrobial Surveillance Network","award":["2018QD100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018QD100"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Antimicrobial Surveillance Network","award":["3030231003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3030231003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems have been established in China. Two representative national surveillance networks are the China Antimicrobial Surveillance Network (CHINET) and China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (CARSS), both of which were established in 2005. For all clinical isolates collected in both of these surveillance networks, the ratio of Gram-negative bacilli to Gram-positive cocci was approximately 7:3 during the past 18\u2005years. Generally, Gram-negative bacilli have a higher antimicrobial resistance profile in China. The prevalence of ESBLs in Escherichia coli is as high as approximately 50%. Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex (ABC) has a high antimicrobial resistance profile, with a carbapenem resistance rate of approximately 66%. However, the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant ABC has also shown a decreasing trend from 2018 to 2022. The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus was low, and the prevalence of MRSA and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed decreasing trends from 2005 to 2022. CHINET surveillance data demonstrated that the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae showed a remarkable increasing trend from 2.9% (imipenem resistance) in 2005 to 25.0% in 2018, and then slightly decreased to 22.6% in 2022. The decreasing trends may reflect the antimicrobial stewardship efforts in China: a professional consensus on the rational clinical use of carbapenems was issued by the National Health Commission of China and was well implemented nationally; after that, the clinical use of carbapenems decreased slightly in China.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlae052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T10:49:17Z","timestamp":1709894957000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Antimicrobial resistance of clinical bacterial isolates in China: current status and trends"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Heath Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Heath Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Heath Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Heath Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fupin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Heath Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7682-5859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minggui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Heath Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China , Shanghai , 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