{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T10:52:27Z","timestamp":1769165547574,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K15318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K15318"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ceftriaxone is administered in regimens of either 2\u2005g once-daily or 1\u2005g twice-daily for the treatment of pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Previous clinical study suggests the 2\u2005g once-daily regimen is more effective, but comparison of antimicrobial efficacy between are lacking.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To assess the antimicrobial efficacy of these two ceftriaxone regimens against S. pneumoniae using a murine model of pneumonia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study employed three S. pneumoniae isolates with ceftriaxone MICs of 1, 2 and 4\u2005mg\/L and two human-simulated regimens based on the blood concentration of ceftriaxone (1\u2005g twice-daily and 2\u2005g once-daily). Antimicrobial activity was quantified based on the change in bacterial counts (\u0394log10\u2005cfu\/lungs) observed in treated mice after 24\u2005h, relative to the control mice at 0\u2005h.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The human-simulated 2\u2005g once-daily regimen of ceftriaxone exhibited significantly higher antimicrobial activity against S. pneumoniae isolates with MICs of 1 and 2\u2005mg\/L compared with the 1\u2005g twice-daily regimen (1\u2005mg\/L, \u22125.14\u200a\u00b1\u200a0.19\u2005\u0394log10 cfu\/lungs versus \u22123.47\u200a\u00b1\u200a0.17\u2005\u0394log10\u2005cfu\/lungs, P\u200a&amp;lt;\u200a0.001; 2\u2005mg\/L, \u22123.41\u200a\u00b1\u200a0.31 \u0394\u2005log10\u2005cfu\/lungs versus \u22122.71\u200a\u00b1\u200a0.37\u2005\u0394log10\u2005cfu\/lungs, P\u200a=\u200a0.027). No significant difference in antimicrobial activity was observed against the S. pneumoniae isolate with a MIC of 4\u2005mg\/L between the two regimens (\u22120.33\u200a\u00b1\u200a0.18\u2005\u0394log10\u2005cfu\/lungs versus \u22120.42\u200a\u00b1\u200a0.37\u2005\u0394log10\u2005cfu\/lungs, P\u200a=\u200a0.684).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>2\u2005g once-daily regimen of ceftriaxone is more effective for treating pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae, with MICs of \u22642\u2005mg\/L.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlae092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T05:39:56Z","timestamp":1717479596000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluating the antimicrobial efficacy of ceftriaxone regimens: 1\u2005g twice daily versus 2\u2005g once daily in a murine model of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i> pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5272-9560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideo","family":"Kato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital , Mie , Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Division of Clinical Medical Science, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Mie , Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University , Aichi , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mao","family":"Hagihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University , Aichi , Japan"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Biomedical Sciences, Aichi Medical University Hospital , Aichi , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shun-Ichi","family":"Hiramatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital , Mie , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Suematsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University , Aichi , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoya","family":"Nishiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Control, University of the Ryukyus Hospital , Okinawa , Japan"},{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, University of the Ryukyus Graduate School of Medicine , Okinawa , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuhiro","family":"Asai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Division of Clinical Medical Science, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Mie , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024062806360827400_dlae092-B1","volume-title":"The top 10 Causes of Death","author":"WHO","year":"2018"},{"key":"2024062806360827400_dlae092-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024062806360827400_dlae092-B3","author":"Torio","year":"2006"},{"key":"2024062806360827400_dlae092-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.129502","article-title":"Clinical and economic burden of community-acquired pneumonia among adults in 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