{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:58:14Z","timestamp":1790740694765,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":33,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health\/National Cancer Institute","award":["P30 CA15704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA15704"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Viridans streptococci (VS) are opportunistic oral commensals and a common cause of bacteraemia in neutropenic patients. In this retrospective single centre cohort study, we investigated the prevalence of ceftriaxone resistance in VS (CRO-R VS) blood isolates between January 2005 and December 2022 from patients treated at a tertiary care hospital.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Blood culture isolates were identified using biochemicals and mass spectrometry. Susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby\u2013Bauer and Epsilometer tests. Demographic data, clinical outcomes and antimicrobial use were assessed through electronic medical record review.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 791 patients with VS bacteraemia, 31 (4%) had confirmed CRO-R VS bacteraemia over the 18-year period; 20\/31 (65%) were patients also treated at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and were the focus of this study. Of these 20 patients, 18 (90%) had a known haematologic malignancy; 14 (70%) had undergone haematopoietic cell transplant (HCT); 18 (90%) were neutropenic at the time of culture. Two (10%) patients died within 30 days of CRO-R VS bacteraemia. All the CRO-R isolates (20\/20) were members of the Streptococcus mitis group, 12 were multi-drug resistant; all were susceptible to vancomycin. Most patients received vancomycin once blood cultures were positive for a Gram-positive organism.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During the study period, the frequency of VS isolate susceptibility testing increased; however, there was no concomitant increase in the percentage of CRO-R isolates at our facility. These data are important in an era where cefepime monotherapy is often used and reinforces the importance of routine resistance testing among VS bacteraemia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlae126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T21:17:56Z","timestamp":1722892676000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ceftriaxone-resistant viridans streptococci bacteraemia among patients treated at a large comprehensive cancer care centre: a retrospective eighteen-year study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3052-7762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Marsland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington , 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-6420 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5553-6775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rupali","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington , 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-6420 , USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington , 1959 NE Pacific St. HSB H-375, Seattle, WA 98195-7630 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7510-5470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"Tverdek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington , 1959 NE Pacific St. HSB H-375, Seattle, WA 98195-7630 , USA"},{"name":"Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , 825 Eastlake Ave. E, PO Box 19023, Seattle, WA 98109-1023 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Hendrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington , 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-6420 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7532-4822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington , 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-6420 , USA"},{"name":"Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , 825 Eastlake Ave. E, PO Box 19023, Seattle, WA 98109-1023 , USA"},{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , 1100 Fairview Ave. N., P.0. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024 , USA"},{"name":"Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , 1100 Fairview Ave. N., P.0. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024 , USA"},{"name":"Infection Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , 825 Eastlake Ave. E, PO Box 19023, Seattle, WA 98109-1023 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6333-5196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven A","family":"Pergam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington , 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-6420 , USA"},{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , 1100 Fairview Ave. N., P.0. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024 , USA"},{"name":"Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , 1100 Fairview Ave. N., P.0. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024 , USA"},{"name":"Infection Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , 825 Eastlake Ave. E, PO Box 19023, Seattle, WA 98109-1023 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8903-5274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lori","family":"Bourassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington , 1959 NE Pacific St., Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195-7470 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024083008120443500_dlae126-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2018.06.003","article-title":"Microbiology and clinical characteristics of viridans group streptococci in patients with cancer","volume":"22","author":"Guerrero-Del-Cueto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024083008120443500_dlae126-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-273","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibilities of viridans streptococcal bacteremia during febrile neutropenia in patients with hematologic malignancies: a comparison between adults and children","volume":"13","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024083008120443500_dlae126-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-017-0542-7","article-title":"Viridans group streptococci bloodstream infections in neutropenic adult patients with hematologic malignancy: single center experience","volume":"63","author":"Radocha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Folia Microbiol (Praha)"},{"key":"2024083008120443500_dlae126-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2012.735372","article-title":"Bacteremia in Swedish hematological patients with febrile neutropenia: bacterial spectrum and antimicrobial resistance patterns","volume":"45","author":"Aust","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024083008120443500_dlae126-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofac240","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac240","article-title":"Bloodstream infections in hematologic malignancy patients with fever and neutropenia: are empirical antibiotic therapies in the United States still effective?","volume":"9","author":"Zimmer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024083008120443500_dlae126-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2016.1156821","article-title":"Bloodstream infections in neutropenic cancer patients: a practical update","volume":"7","author":"Gustinetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"2024083008120443500_dlae126-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-006-6656-5","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance of community-acquired bloodstream isolates of viridans group streptococci","volume":"34","author":"Yap","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"2024083008120443500_dlae126-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu260","article-title":"Development and validation of a clinical model to predict the presence of \u03b2-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci causing bacteremia in neutropenic cancer patients","volume":"59","author":"Shelburne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024083008120443500_dlae126-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.1.160-165.2006","article-title":"Viridans streptococci isolated by culture from blood of cancer patients: clinical and microbiologic analysis of 50 cases","volume":"44","author":"Han","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2024083008120443500_dlae126-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.11.021","article-title":"Third-generation cephalosporin and carbapenem resistance in Streptococcus mitis\/oralis. 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