{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T13:12:11Z","timestamp":1786194731140,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) are non-tuberculous mycobacteria responsible for chronic and debilitating conditions. Guideline-recommended therapy for MAC is a combination of clarithromycin\/azithromycin, ethambutol and a rifamycin. However, culture conversion rates with this regimen are 67%. Alternative treatment options are needed. Recent findings of \u03b2-lactam combinations in the treatment of other mycobacterial diseases have been promising. The proposed mechanism is an additive inhibition of multiple enzymes in the peptidoglycan synthesis pathway by the \u03b2-lactam combinations. Given the similarity in cell wall structures of MAC and M. abscessus, we hypothesize that using dual \u03b2-lactams will result in interruption of peptidoglycan synthesis in MAC and reduction of MIC. In this study, we sought to determine the MIC of meropenem in combination with ceftaroline, cefdinir and cefuroxime in MAC.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 31 clinical MAC isolates were used for susceptibility testing using broth microdilution method. MICs were tested for meropenem, ceftaroline, cefdinir and cefuroxime, alone, as well as combinations of meropenem plus ceftaroline, cefdinir, or cefuroxime.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In vitro MAC susceptibility to meropenem was significantly enhanced with the addition of ceftaroline, cefdinir, and cefuroxime. This effect was most significant with addition of ceftaroline and cefdinir, with a change of meropenem MIC50\/MIC90 from 16\/32 to 0.125\/0.5 and 0.125\/4\u2005mg\/L, respectively (P value \u22640.0001, Wilcoxon signed-rank test).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study demonstrates that the susceptibility of MAC to meropenem is restored with the addition of ceftaroline and cefdinir. These findings underscore the potential effectiveness of combining \u03b2-lactams as an alternative therapeutic strategy for MAC infections.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlae142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]],"date-time":"2024-09-14T08:06:44Z","timestamp":1726301204000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The use of dual \u03b2-lactams to restore susceptibility of <i>Mycobacterium avium<\/i> complex"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Maha Y","family":"Al-Jabri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals\u2014Cleveland Medical Center , Cleveland, OH ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3272-7231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalid M","family":"Dousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System , 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigid M","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System , 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4990-0476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert A","family":"Bonomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System , 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103013302713200_dlae142-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1984.130.4.630","article-title":"Epidemiology of infection by nontuberculous mycobacteria. 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