{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T20:00:05Z","timestamp":1794081605148,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"KNH research and programmes division","award":["KNH\/DLM\/60\/VOL.II\/10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KNH\/DLM\/60\/VOL.II\/10"]}]},{"name":"Newton international link","award":["UON\/CHS\/PP\/3\/7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UON\/CHS\/PP\/3\/7"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study assessed the prevalence and risk factors of nephrotoxicity in paediatric patients receiving aminoglycoside therapy at the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) in Kenya.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Between July and September 2018, a prospective cohort study involving children receiving aminoglycoside treatment was carried out at KNH. Before beginning and after finishing the aminoglycoside therapy, the levels of serum creatinine were assessed. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the patients\u2019 clinical and sociodemographic features. Associations between nephrotoxicity and maternal and paediatric variables were assessed using multivariable logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The final analysis comprised 195 children and the prevalence of nephrotoxicity was 10.3%. Neonates made up 28.7% (58\/195) of the total and their risk of developing nephrotoxicity was 3.54 (95% CI 1.6\u20138.21) times higher than that of other children (P\u200a=\u200a0.003). Neonates with low birth weight were 4.73 (95% CI: 1.8\u201312.5) times more likely to develop nephrotoxicity than those whose birth weight was &amp;gt;2500\u2005g (P\u200a=\u200a0.002). Neonatal patients with sepsis had a 4.91 (95% CI: 2.07\u201311.62) times greater association with acute kidney injury than neonates receiving treatment for other illnesses (P\u200a=\u200a0.001). Sixty-five percent (13\/20) of children who developed nephrotoxicity were switched to cephalosporins.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Aminoglycosides were more nephrotoxic to asphyxiated, low-birth-weight neonates with sepsis. Routine monitoring of kidney function should be done within 72\u2005h of starting aminoglycoside treatment in all neonates.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlae143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T22:59:42Z","timestamp":1725577182000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Nephrotoxicity associated with aminoglycoside therapy in paediatrics: experiences from a leading referral hospital in Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7091-7681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmah","family":"Nyaboke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi , Nairobi ,","place":["Kenya"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Guantai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi , Nairobi ,","place":["Kenya"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Oluka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi , Nairobi ,","place":["Kenya"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Mutai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi , Nairobi ,","place":["Kenya"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6539-6972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Godman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University , Glasgow ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5036-1988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanj","family":"Kurdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University , Glasgow ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4046-629X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marion","family":"Bennie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University , Glasgow ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9316-990X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitchel","family":"Okumu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Services, Public Health, and Sanitation , County Government of Kisumu, Kisumu ,","place":["Kenya"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103013295278500_dlae143-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M150501","DOI":"10.5935\/MedicalExpress.2015.05.01","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology of gentamicin in neonates: regimen, toxicology and pharmacokinetics","volume":"2","author":"Pacifici","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Express"},{"key":"2024103013295278500_dlae143-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dlz087","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlz087","article-title":"Evaluation of the clinical practice of aminoglycoside use in paediatric patients in Kenya: findings and implications for lower-middle income countries","volume":"2","author":"Onyango","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"2024103013295278500_dlae143-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e463","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3819","article-title":"Neonatal acute kidney injury","volume":"136","author":"Selewski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2024103013295278500_dlae143-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2011.02452.x","article-title":"Current use of aminoglycosides: indications, pharmacokinetics and monitoring for toxicity","volume":"41","author":"Avent","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"2024103013295278500_dlae143-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-016-3533-z","article-title":"Aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity in children","volume":"32","author":"McWilliam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"2024103013295278500_dlae143-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(86)90497-3","article-title":"Aminoglycoside toxicity in infants and children","volume":"80","author":"McCracken","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2024103013295278500_dlae143-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F294","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.056317","article-title":"Aminoglycoside extended interval dosing in neonates is safe and effective: a meta-analysis","volume":"90","author":"Nestaas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"2024103013295278500_dlae143-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/24.5.786","article-title":"A meta-analysis of extended-interval dosing versus multiple daily dosing of aminoglycosides","volume":"24","author":"Bailey","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024103013295278500_dlae143-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2013.860522","article-title":"Nephrotoxic medication exposure in very low birth weight infants","volume":"27","author":"Rhone","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"2024103013295278500_dlae143-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3329\/bjch.v41i3.36949","article-title":"Role of pRIFLE and AKIN criteria for diagnosis of neonatal acute kidney injury in a special care baby unit (SCABU)","volume":"41","author":"Ferdaus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Banglad J Child Health"},{"key":"2024103013295278500_dlae143-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-008-0056-z","article-title":"Sepsis in the newborn","volume":"75","author":"Sankar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"2024103013295278500_dlae143-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-007-0721-x","article-title":"Nephrotoxicity as a cause of acute kidney injury in children","volume":"23","author":"Patzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"2024103013295278500_dlae143-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.12851216","article-title":"Biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of AKI in children: one size does not fit all","volume":"12","author":"Greenberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2024103013295278500_dlae143-B14","first-page":"352","article-title":"Measurement of creatinine by Jaffe\u2019s reaction\u2013determination of concentration of sodium hydroxide required for maximum color development in standard, urine and protein free filtrate of serum","volume-title":"Indian J Exp Biol","author":"Toora","year":"2002"},{"key":"2024103013295278500_dlae143-B15","author":"Stata."},{"key":"2024103013295278500_dlae143-B16","first-page":"174","article-title":"The neonatal kidney: implications for drug metabolism and elimination","volume":"14","author":"Ligi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Drug Metab"},{"key":"2024103013295278500_dlae143-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1159\/000238512","article-title":"Lack of nephrotoxicity in pediatric patients receiving concurrent vancomycin and aminoglycoside therapy","volume":"33","author":"Nahata","year":"1987","journal-title":"Chemotherapy"},{"key":"2024103013295278500_dlae143-B18","first-page":"288","article-title":"Challenges to the empiric management of neonatal sepsis using gentamicin plus ampicillin","volume":"20","author":"Woldu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2024103013295278500_dlae143-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v14i3.26","article-title":"Prevalence and outcomes of acute kidney injury in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia","volume":"14","author":"Alaro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"2024103013295278500_dlae143-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02759894","article-title":"Acute renal failure in neonatal sepsis","volume":"73","author":"Mathur","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"2024103013295278500_dlae143-B21"},{"key":"2024103013295278500_dlae143-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5699","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612821666150901110659","article-title":"Dosing guidelines of aminoglycosides in neonates: a balance between physiology and feasibility","volume":"21","author":"Allegaert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"2024103013295278500_dlae143-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.032284","article-title":"A randomised, controlled trial of once daily and multi-dose daily gentamicin in young Kenyan infants","volume":"89","author":"English","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2024103013295278500_dlae143-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F514","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.060434","article-title":"Potential risk factors for the development of acute renal failure in preterm newborn infants: a case-control study","volume":"10","author":"Cataldi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"2024103013295278500_dlae143-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2017.80","article-title":"Risk of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-associated renal dysfunction among neonates diagnosed with patent ductus arteriosus and treated with gentamicin","volume":"37","author":"Constance","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Perinatol"}],"container-title":["JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jacamr\/article-pdf\/6\/5\/dlae143\/60198122\/dlae143.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jacamr\/article-pdf\/6\/5\/dlae143\/60198122\/dlae143.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T18:59:24Z","timestamp":1730314764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jacamr\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jacamr\/dlae143\/7749684"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jacamr\/dlae143","relation":{},"ISSN":["2632-1823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2632-1823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"article-number":"dlae143"}}