{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T16:51:22Z","timestamp":1781628682345,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019742","name":"APC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DOR-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DOR-2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019742","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Invasive fungal infections, significantly impact hospitalized and immunocompromised populations. Recent trends showed a shift from Candida albicans to non-albicans Candida (NAC) species, raising concerns about antifungal resistance.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our study focuses on the distribution of fungal species in blood cultures obtained from different healthcare settings, including hospitals, long-term care facilities, and community health centers in the Venetian region of Italy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed all consecutive blood culture isolates across 5 hospitals, 38 long-term care facilities, and 24 sample collection centers (blood exams and culture) from 2019 to 2023.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Between 2019 and 2023, 11,552 microorganisms were isolated from blood cultures; 693 (6.0%) were fungi. The yearly prevalence ranged from 5.2% in 2019 to 6.1% in 2023. C. albicans isolates decreased significantly, from 60.0% in 2019 to 43.1% in 2023. NAC species showed significant growth, particularly C. parapsilosis sensu stricto (from 23.6% in 2019 to 28.8% in 2023), C. tropicalis (from 0.0% in 2019 to 7.2% in 2023), and N. glabratus (from 9.1% in 2019 to 11.8% in 2023). Medical wards consistently recorded the highest number of cases (429\/693, 61.9%), with C. albicans predominating in earlier years. Resistance to amphotericin B rose sharply in C. parapsilosis ss. (22.5% in 2022), while fluconazole resistance in N. glabratus remained high (peaking at 85.7% in 2021).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The increasing dominance of NAC species and rising resistance trends underscore the necessity for enhanced diagnostics, infection prevention, and antifungal stewardship. Future research should incorporate clinical data to optimize fungemia management strategies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaf044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T07:20:47Z","timestamp":1743232847000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Distribution and prevalence of fungemia: a five-year retrospective multicentric survey in Venetian region, Italy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7988-5419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Geremia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale \u2018dell\u2019Angelo\u2019 , Venice 30174 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Civile \u2018S.S. Giovanni e Paolo\u2019 , Venice 30122 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Bragato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua , Padua 35121 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Giovagnorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua , Padua 35121 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Zuglian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale \u2018dell\u2019Angelo\u2019 , Venice 30174 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Civile \u2018S.S. Giovanni e Paolo\u2019 , Venice 30122 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Brugnaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Civile \u2018S.S. Giovanni e Paolo\u2019 , Venice 30122 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Solinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical direction, Unit of Microbiology and Virology, Ospedale \u2018Dell\u2019Angelo\u2019 , Venice 30174 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Stano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical direction, Unit of Microbiology and Virology, Ospedale \u2018Dell\u2019Angelo\u2019 , Venice 30174 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Panese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale \u2018dell\u2019Angelo\u2019 , Venice 30174 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Civile \u2018S.S. Giovanni e Paolo\u2019 , Venice 30122 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saverio Giuseppe","family":"Parisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua , Padua 35121 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2021.08.002","article-title":"Nosocomial fungal infections: epidemiology, infection control, and prevention","volume":"35","author":"Suleyman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165rv13","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004404","article-title":"Hidden killers: human fungal infections","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12050886","article-title":"What do we know about cryptic aspergillosis?","volume":"12","author":"Geremia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3390","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c00199","article-title":"Antifungal drug resistance: molecular mechanisms in Candida albicans and beyond","volume":"121","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2007.140087","article-title":"Population-based analysis of invasive fungal infections, France, 2001\u20132010","volume":"20","author":"Bitar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24198","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024198","article-title":"Epidemiology, species distribution, antifungal susceptibility and outcome of nosocomial candidemia in a tertiary care hospital in Italy","volume":"6","author":"Bassetti","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.06.029","article-title":"Candidemia and invasive candidiasis in adults: a narrative review","volume":"34","author":"Antinori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2711","article-title":"Candida albicans morphogenesis and host defence: discriminating invasion from colonization","volume":"10","author":"Gow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18026","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.26","article-title":"Invasive candidiasis","volume":"4","author":"Pappas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primer"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10100707","article-title":"Prevalence, species distribution and resistance of Candidemia in pediatric and adult patients in a Northeast Italy University Hospital","volume":"10","author":"Meneghello","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615958","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/615958","article-title":"Non-albicans Candida infection: an emerging threat","volume":"2014","author":"Deorukhkar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11030425","article-title":"Candida auris as an emergent public health problem: a current update on European outbreaks and cases","volume":"11","author":"Geremia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthc Basel Switz"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00069-19","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00069-19","article-title":"Antifungal susceptibility testing: current approaches","volume":"33","author":"Berkow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3551","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00865-06","article-title":"Candida guilliermondii, an opportunistic fungal pathogen with decreased susceptibility to fluconazole: geographic and temporal trends from the ARTEMIS DISK antifungal surveillance program","volume":"44","author":"Pfaller","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00872-6","article-title":"Guideline adherence and survival of patients with candidaemia in Europe: results from the ECMM Candida III multinational European observational cohort study","volume":"23","author":"Hoenigl","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3314\/mmj.20-00013","article-title":"Clinical surveillance of candidemia at our hospital","volume":"62","author":"Sano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Mycol J"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S79","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy358","article-title":"Twenty years of the SENTRY antifungal surveillance program: results for Candida species from 1997\u20132016","volume":"6","author":"Pfaller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2016.02.009","article-title":"Antifungal susceptibility patterns of a global collection of fungal isolates: results of the SENTRY Antifungal Surveillance Program (2013)","volume":"85","author":"Castanheira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1086\/504807","article-title":"Epidemiology of community-onset candidemia in Connecticut and Maryland","volume":"43","author":"Sofair","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B20","first-page":"355","article-title":"Community-onset candidemia at a university hospital, 1995\u20132005","volume":"40","author":"Kung","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3390\/jof3040057","article-title":"Global and multi-national prevalence of fungal diseases\u2014estimate precision","volume":"3","author":"Bongomin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1086\/380637","article-title":"Epidemiology of candidemia in Swiss tertiary care hospitals: secular trends, 1991\u20132000","volume":"38","author":"Marchetti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2013.09.005","article-title":"Nosocomial bloodstream infections due to Candida spp. in the USA: species distribution, clinical features and antifungal susceptibilities","volume":"43","author":"Wisplinghoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e470","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00067-8","article-title":"Worldwide emergence of fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis: current framework and future research roadmap","volume":"4","author":"Daneshnia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed7080188","article-title":"Global prevalence of antifungal-resistant Candida parapsilosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Yamin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9010080","article-title":"Candida parapsilosis virulence and antifungal resistance mechanisms: a comprehensive review of key determinants","volume":"9","author":"Branco","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S612","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ791","article-title":"Echinocandin resistance in Candida","volume":"61","author":"Perlin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10030224","article-title":"Candida albicans genes modulating echinocandin susceptibility of caspofungin-adapted mutants are constitutively expressed in clinical isolates with intermediate or full resistance to echinocandins","volume":"10","author":"Yadav","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e146","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268823001346","article-title":"Fluconazole and echinocandin resistance of Candida species in invasive candidiasis at a university hospital during pre-COVID-19 and the COVID-19 outbreak","volume":"151","author":"Szekely","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"myaf002","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myaf002","article-title":"The impact of the COVID-19 on the antifungal consumption and antifungal resistance in Candida species isolated from the blood cultures of critically ill patients in intensive care units","volume":"63","author":"Kara","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1413","DOI":"10.32113\/idtm_20245_1413","article-title":"Impact of infection control measures and antibiotic stewardship programs on multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae prevalence in Intensive Care Unit","volume":"10","author":"Geremia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect Dis Trop Med"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.004","article-title":"Azole resistance in Candida glabrata clinical isolates from global surveillance is associated with efflux overexpression","volume":"29","author":"Castanheira","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S118892","article-title":"Fluconazole resistance in Candida species: a current perspective","volume":"10","author":"Berkow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13101529","article-title":"Candida glabrata antifungal resistance and virulence factors, a perfect pathogenic combination","volume":"13","author":"Fr\u00edas-De-Le\u00f3n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.6.1723-1727.2002","article-title":"In vitro activities of ravuconazole and voriconazole compared with those of four approved systemic antifungal agents against 6,970 clinical isolates of Candida spp","volume":"46","author":"Pfaller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2018.05.001","article-title":"Impact of high MIC of fluconazole on outcomes of Candida glabrata bloodstream infection: a retrospective multicenter cohort study","volume":"92","author":"Ko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2703.203482","article-title":"Fluconazole-resistant Candida glabrata bloodstream isolates, South Korea, 2008\u20132018","volume":"27","author":"Won","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.4.1855-1856.2004","article-title":"Use of the BACTEC 9240 system with mycosis-IC\/F blood culture bottles for detection of fungemia","volume":"42","author":"Fricker-Hidalgo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2025032511095378400_dlaf044-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.5.1385-1388.1995","article-title":"Value of terminal subcultures for blood cultures monitored by BACTEC 9240","volume":"33","author":"Shigei","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"}],"container-title":["JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jacamr\/article-pdf\/7\/2\/dlaf044\/62678102\/dlaf044.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jacamr\/article-pdf\/7\/2\/dlaf044\/62678102\/dlaf044.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T07:21:01Z","timestamp":1743232861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jacamr\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaf044\/8093031"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaf044","relation":{},"ISSN":["2632-1823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2632-1823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"article-number":"dlaf044"}}