{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:22:14Z","timestamp":1792794134765,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018688","name":"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022-ER2202-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-ER2202-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018688","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Basic Science Research Programme of the National Research Foundation of Korea","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020930","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017R1D1A3-B06032486"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1D1A3-B06032486"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020930","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The increasing prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) infections necessitates alternative therapeutic strategies. Bacteriophage therapy has emerged as a promising approach, yet its clinical implementation is hindered by limited pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PK and PD properties of Acinetobacter phage vB_AbaSt_W16 were evaluated in a murine model. Systemic distribution, clearance kinetics and efficacy were assessed following oral (PO) and intraperitoneal (IP) administration. Conventional PK\/PD analysis and real-time fluorescence imaging were used to examine in vivo phage dynamics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After administration, vB_AbaSt_W16 rapidly disseminated systemically within 1\u2005h, reaching peak concentrations at 8\u2005h. Most tissues cleared the phage within 72\u2005h, though residual amounts persisted in the spleen for up to 92\u2005h. In a murine infection model, vB_AbaSt_W16 demonstrated potent antibacterial activity, reducing CRAB bacterial loads by 4\u20137\u2005log\u2081\u2080\u2005cfu\/mL within 24\u2005h. Compared with PO administration, IP administration resulted in higher systemic bioavailability and bacterial clearance. Fluorescence imaging enabled non-invasive, real-time monitoring of phage distribution, demonstrating its utility as a PK assessment tool. Notably, phage treatment did not trigger significant pro-inflammatory cytokine release (TNF-\u03b1, IL-6) in healthy mice and effectively reduced CRAB-induced inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of vB_AbaSt_W16 and provide critical insights into its PK behaviour. The results support further clinical development of this phage for CRAB infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaf121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T07:58:02Z","timestamp":1750838282000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["<i>In vivo<\/i>\n                    pharmacokinetics, therapeutic efficacy and immune response of bacteriophage vB_AbaSt_W16 against carbapenem-resistant\n                    <i>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0623-3185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoon-Jung","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Untreatable Infectious Disease Institute, Kyungpook National University , Daegu ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University , Daegu ,","place":["Republic of 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