{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T20:38:13Z","timestamp":1792442293533,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":57,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate the environmental impact of prolonged IV antimicrobial courses and identify opportunities for improved antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) practices.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using AMS ward-round data from January 2023 to December 2024 at a tertiary hospital in Dublin, Ireland. Data on IV antimicrobial prescriptions, AMS recommendations for discontinuation or IV to oral switch (IVOS) and prescriber acceptance were reviewed. A life cycle assessment, informed by published literature, was used to estimate the carbon footprint associated with IV use.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 1929 antimicrobial prescriptions reviewed, 58% (n\u200a=\u200a1119) were being administered IV. Among 435 IV prescriptions with AMS, recommendations to stop (n\u200a=\u200a357) or IVOS (n\u200a=\u200a78), 229 (52.6%) were accepted, resulting in a reduction of 106.5\u2005kg of clinical waste and 261.2\u2005kg carbon dioxide equivalents (CO\u2082e) emissions. The remaining 206 IV prescriptions (47.4%) were categorized as prolonged IV prescriptions, generating 98.8\u2005kg of clinical waste and 245.8\u2005kg CO\u2082e; averaging 0.48\u2005kg of waste and 1.19\u2005kg CO\u2082e per prescription. To contextualize, the carbon footprint of each prolonged prescription equates to driving 6.2\u2005km, performing 10 chest X-rays or operating a 10\u2005W light-emitting diode bulb continuously for 1200\u2005h. Piperacillin\u2013tazobactam, amoxicillin\u2013clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, metronidazole and meropenem together accounted for over 84% of total emissions, with piperacillin\u2013tazobactam alone contributing 97.5\u2005kg CO\u2082e and 41.6\u2005kg of waste from 62 prolonged prescriptions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In addition to patient safety risks, prolonged IV antimicrobial courses generate considerable environmental waste. Aligning AMS with sustainability goals may contribute to addressing the dual crises of antimicrobial resistance and climate change.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaf146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T07:50:36Z","timestamp":1756367436000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["PO-llution control: a cross-sectional study on the role of antimicrobial stewardship in reducing healthcare\u2019s carbon footprint"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1207-4352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saied","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin 9 ,","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin 2 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