{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:40:22Z","timestamp":1760056822306,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Antibiotic guidelines are a component of antimicrobial stewardship for optimizing antibiotic use. To evaluate the compliance with the national guidelines and the WHO AWaRe Antibiotic Book for the empirical treatment for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in critical care units (CCUs) in Vietnam.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this 7-day observational study, 51 participating CCUs consecutively enrolled patients aged \u226518\u2005years from March to July 2019. We assessed the compliance for empirical antibiotic prescription using the national guidelines and the WHO AWaRe Antibiotic Book.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We included 500 patients with CAP and 249 patients with AECOPD. The rates of overall compliance with the national guidelines and the WHO AWaRe Antibiotic Book were 54.4% (272\/500) and 43.2% (216\/500) for CAP; and 48.2% (120\/249) and 7.2% (18\/249) for AECOPD, respectively. The overall case fatality at 7\u2005days was 4.0% (20\/500) in patients with CAP, and 2.0% (5\/249) in patients with AECOPD with no significant difference between those receiving compliant and non-compliant regimens by either guideline. The average cost of empirical antibiotic regimens for CAP was lowest at US$3.10 ($3.02-$3.17) per Defined Daily Dose (DDD) for the full compliant regimens versus US$15.26 ($12.72-$17.81) per DDD for the non-compliant regimen according to the WHO AWaRe Antibiotic Book.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our study indicates that the compliance with the antibiotic guidance was suboptimal in CCUs in Vietnam. Compliance with guidelines for empirical antibiotic therapy could be associated with lower costs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaf168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T13:35:28Z","timestamp":1760016928000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Compliance with the national and WHO antibiotic treatment guidelines for respiratory tract infections and their association with clinical and economic outcomes in Vietnam: an observational study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5904-5970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vu Quoc","family":"Dat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Hanoi Medical University , Hanoi ,","place":["Vietnam"]},{"name":"Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi Medical University , Hanoi ,","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tran Tat","family":"Dat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Hanoi Medical University , Hanoi ,","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00176-2","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality burden of non-COVID-19 lower respiratory infections and aetiologies, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"24","author":"GBD 2021 Lower Respiratory Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e061638","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-061638","article-title":"Causes of admissions and in-hospital mortality among patients admitted to critical care units in primary and secondary hospitals in Vietnam in 2018: a multicentre retrospective study","volume":"12","author":"Dat","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-296","article-title":"The incidence and aetiology of hospitalised community-acquired pneumonia among Vietnamese adults: a prospective surveillance in Central Vietnam","volume":"13","author":"Takahashi","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09515-6","article-title":"Spectrum and antimicrobial resistance in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with pneumonia: a cross-sectional prospective study from Vietnam","volume":"24","author":"Dao","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i19","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa082","article-title":"Results from the survey of antibiotic resistance (SOAR) 2016-18 in Vietnam, Cambodia, Singapore and the Philippines: data based on CLSI, EUCAST (dose-specific) and pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic (PK\/PD) breakpoints","volume":"75","author":"Torumkuney","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30458","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000030458","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia-causing bacteria and antibiotic resistance rate among Vietnamese patients: a cross-sectional study","volume":"101","author":"Tran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-023-07033-8","article-title":"ERS\/ESICM\/ESCMID\/ALAT guidelines for the management of severe community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"49","author":"Martin-Loeches","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1581ST","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. An official clinical practice guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"200","author":"Metlay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00065-7","article-title":"Current evidence on hospital antimicrobial stewardship objectives: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Schuts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B10","volume-title":"Regional Office for E. Antimicrobial Stewardship Interventions: a Practical Guide","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B11","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e875","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00059-0","article-title":"The injustice of unfit clinical practice guidelines in low-resource realities","volume":"9","author":"Maal\u00f8e","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"020412","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.07.020412","article-title":"Methods used in adaptation of health-related guidelines: a systematic survey","volume":"7","author":"Abdul-Khalek","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i26","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac214","article-title":"Country data on AMR in Vietnam in the context of community-acquired respiratory tract infections: links between antibiotic susceptibility, local and international antibiotic prescribing guidelines, access to medicines and clinical outcome","volume":"77","author":"Torumkuney","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B15","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B16","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100306","article-title":"Antibiotic use for empirical therapy in the critical care units in primary and secondary hospitals in Vietnam: a multicenter cross-sectional study","volume":"18","author":"Dat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.5.377","article-title":"Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: an international derivation and validation study","volume":"58","author":"Lim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B19","author":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B20","author":"Ministry of Health","year":"2023"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B21","author":"Ministry of Health","year":"2020"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e087322","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-087322","article-title":"Antibiotic use in public hospitals in Vietnam between 2018 and 2022: a retrospective study","volume":"14","author":"Dat","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e619","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30186-4","article-title":"Antimicrobial consumption and resistance in adult hospital inpatients in 53 countries: results of an internet-based global point prevalence survey","volume":"6","author":"Versporten","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofae336","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae336","article-title":"Guideline-concordant therapy for community-acquired pneumonia in the hospitalized population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Seo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100880","article-title":"Appropriate use of antibiotics for acute respiratory infections at primary healthcare facilities in China: a nationwide cross-sectional study from 2017 to 2019","volume":"40","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2022.100531","article-title":"Evaluation of trends in hospital antimicrobial use in the Lao PDR using repeated point-prevalence surveys-evidence to improve treatment guideline use","volume":"27","author":"Chansamouth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD010257","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010257.pub2","article-title":"Antibiotics for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"10","author":"Vollenweider","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed7060088","article-title":"Systematic surveillance of rickettsial diseases in 27 hospitals from 26 provinces throughout Vietnam","volume":"7","author":"Trung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(93)90017-K","article-title":"Pilot study of exposure to Pseudomonas pseudomallei in northern Vietnam","volume":"87","author":"Van Phung","year":"1993","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-016-0270-y","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of adherence to IDSA\/ATS guidelines in elderly patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"16","author":"Egger","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B32","author":"Ministry of Health","year":"2022"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B33","author":"Ministry of Health","year":"2024"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dlab040","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab040","article-title":"Improving antibiotic prescribing for community-acquired pneumonia in a provincial hospital in Northern Vietnam","volume":"3","author":"Do","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dlaa087","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaa087","article-title":"Factors influencing choices of empirical antibiotic treatment for bacterial infections in a scenario-based survey in Vietnam","volume":"2","author":"Vu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"2025100909351131400_dlaf168-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4683-6","article-title":"Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016","volume":"43","author":"Rhodes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"}],"container-title":["JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jacamr\/article-pdf\/7\/5\/dlaf168\/64569866\/dlaf168.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jacamr\/article-pdf\/7\/5\/dlaf168\/64569866\/dlaf168.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T13:35:29Z","timestamp":1760016929000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jacamr\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaf168\/8279670"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaf168","relation":{},"ISSN":["2632-1823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2632-1823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"article-number":"dlaf168"}}