{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T10:06:51Z","timestamp":1779530811257,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization Antimicrobial Resistance response","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017762","name":"International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical public health threat exacerbated by the sales of antibiotics without prescriptions. Despite national action plans, data on global over-the-counter (OTC) availability remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We surveyed members of the AMR Insights Ambassador Network across 37 countries using a web-based instrument. Data analysis was conducted by the survey programme and verified by two authors (X.Y. and N.M.M.).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite regulations, 65% of respondents reported antibiotics were available OTC in their countries. Pharmacies were the primary source (85.9%), followed by internet vendors (23.4%). Notably, carbapenems and glycopeptides were reported to be available without prescriptions by 36.7% and 26.7% of respondents, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight a significant gap between policy and practice. The availability of high-priority antimicrobials without prescriptions demands urgent regulatory enforcement and improved surveillance of both physical pharmacies and digital marketplaces.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlag083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T11:31:00Z","timestamp":1777980660000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Over-the-counter sales of high-priority antibiotics are common: results of a global survey"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5631-184X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nkuchia M","family":"M\u2019ikanatha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global AMR Response , Hamilton, NJ ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Iskander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Social Work, School of Public Health, Lebanese University , Fanar ,","place":["Lebanon"]},{"name":"Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University , Byblos ,","place":["Lebanon"]},{"name":"Higher Institute of Public Health (ISSP), Saint Joseph University of Beirut ,","place":["Lebanon"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Japhet","family":"Magambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meru University of Science and Technology , Meru ,","place":["Kenya"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8639-9846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catrin E","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George\u2019s School of Health and Medical Sciences, City St. George\u2019s, University of London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarten","family":"van Dongen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AMR Insights , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Hackman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, PA 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