{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:22:15Z","timestamp":1791854535807,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":47,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore evidence on effectiveness, feasibility, cost-effectiveness and implementation factors of point-of-care testing (PoCT) in community pharmacies for antimicrobial stewardship in respiratory tract infections (RTIs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic scoping review of PoCT studies published between 1 January 2012 and 30 July 2025 included randomized and non-randomized trials, health economic evaluations, post-implementation surveys and qualitative studies. Study quality was assessed using critical appraisal tools. Quantitative outcomes were summarized descriptively, and implementation factors were mapped using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-seven of 2689 studies were included; all but one were from high-income countries. Non-comparative studies suggested that PoCT reduced antibiotic supply. In C-reactive protein (CRP)-PoCT studies (n\u200a=\u200a3; 503 patients), a median of 79.5% (IQR 72.2%\u201385.4%) had CRP &amp;lt;20\u2005mg\/L, indicating no need for antibiotics, while 1.2% (IQR 0%\u201311.3%) had CRP &amp;gt;100\u2005mg\/L, suggesting antibiotics were required; 12% were referred to general practitioners. In Group A Streptococcus (GAS)-PoCT studies (n\u200a=\u200a12; 53\u200a918 patients), 24.9% (IQR 17.8%\u201328.5%) tested positive and 21.3% (IQR 16.8%\u201327%) received antibiotics. In influenza-PoCT studies (n\u200a=\u200a5; 374 patients), 34% (IQR 19.8%\u201336.1%) tested positive and 25.5% (IQR 10.1%\u201331.8%) received antivirals. Limited health economic evidence suggested that GAS-PoCT may be cost saving or cost minimizing. Thirteen interventions were identified to improve PoCT adoption.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PoCT is feasible in community pharmacies to improve antimicrobial stewardship in RTIs. Successful uptake requires context-specific strategies, such as pharmacist training, collaboration with general practitioners and the implementation of appropriate reimbursement models. High-quality randomized trials are needed to confirm effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of pharmacy-led PoCT for policy implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlag106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T11:45:50Z","timestamp":1779968750000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Point-of-care testing in community pharmacies to improve antimicrobial stewardship in respiratory infections: a scoping review of effectiveness, implementation and cost-effectiveness"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2359-721X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sajal K","family":"Saha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innovation in Infectious Disease and Immunology Research (CIIDIR), Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University , Geelong, Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shukla","family":"Promite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Great Southern Bank , Werribe, Melbourne, Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carly L","family":"Botheras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innovation in Infectious Disease and Immunology Research (CIIDIR), Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University , Geelong, Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3747-0087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Manias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nomvuyo","family":"Mothobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AMR-One Health Working Group, Burnet Institute , Melbourne, Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5703-6475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzanne","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University , Geelong, Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"EnAble Institute, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"Athan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innovation in Infectious Disease and Immunology Research (CIIDIR), Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University , Geelong, Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Deakin Clinical Trials Hub, Deakin University , Geelong, Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B1","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.24911\/IJMDC.51-1549060699","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance crisis","volume":"40","author":"Mobarki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Med Dev Ctries"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-018-1774-5","article-title":"Antibiotic use for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) in primary care; what factors affect prescribing and why is it important? A narrative review","volume":"187","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Irish J Med Science"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/BJGPO.2021.0212","article-title":"Point-of-care testing, antibiotic prescribing, and prescribing confidence for respiratory tract infections in primary care: a prospective audit in 18 European countries","volume":"6","author":"Van der Velden","year":"2022","journal-title":"BJGP Open"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B5","author":"Samuel"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.29755","article-title":"Pharmacy accessibility and social vulnerability","volume":"7","author":"Catalano","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2014.13167","article-title":"Point-of-care testing for infectious diseases: opportunities, barriers, and considerations in community pharmacy","volume":"54","author":"Gubbins","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010130.pub3","article-title":"Biomarkers as point-of-care tests to guide prescription of antibiotics in people with acute respiratory infections in primary care","volume":"10","author":"Smedemark","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2025.01.007","article-title":"The role of community pharmacists in point-of-care testing and treatment for influenza and group A Streptococcus\u2014a narrative review using ecological systems theory","volume":"21","author":"Witry","year":"2025","journal-title":"Res Soc Admin Pharm"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2018.03.003","article-title":"Community pharmacist-directed point-of-care group A Streptococcus testing: evaluation of a Canadian program","volume":"58","author":"Papastergiou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1086\/521263","article-title":"Group A Streptococcus epidemiology and vaccine implications","volume":"45","author":"Cohen-Poradosu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20523211.2025.2578803","article-title":"Community pharmacy-led point-of-care testing (POCT): expanding roles and strengthening health systems in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs)","volume":"18","author":"Alshorman","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Pharm PolicyPract"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-068193","article-title":"Improving diagnostic antimicrobial stewardship in respiratory tract infections: a protocol for a scoping review investigating point-of-care testing programmes in community pharmacy","volume":"13","author":"Saha","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-scr): checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","article-title":"Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework","volume":"8","author":"Arksey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Soc Res Methodol"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B16","author":"Critical Appraisal Skills Programme","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B17","author":"Critical Appraisal Skills Programme","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000063","article-title":"Conducting systematic reviews of economic evaluations","volume":"13","author":"Gomersall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Evid Based Healthc"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-4-50","article-title":"Fostering implementation of health services research findings into practice: a consolidated framework for advancing implementation science","volume":"4","author":"Damschroder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.01.004","article-title":"Point-of-care C-reactive protein testing to support the management of respiratory tract infections in community pharmacy: a feasibility study","volume":"17","author":"Sim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Soc Admin Pharm"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1211\/PJ.2018.20204635","article-title":"Point-of-care C-reactive protein testing in community pharmacy to deliver appropriate interventions in respiratory tract infections","volume":"10","author":"Wakeman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Pharm"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2711","DOI":"10.18549\/PharmPract.2022.4.2711","article-title":"C-reactive protein point of care testing in community pharmacy: observational study of a Northern Ireland pilot","volume":"20","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharm Pract"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.12.006","article-title":"Impact of point-of-care C-reactive protein testing intervention on non-prescription dispensing of antibiotics for respiratory tract infections in private community pharmacies in Nigeria: a cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"127","author":"Onwunduba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac358","article-title":"Characteristics of the sore throat test and treat service in community pharmacies (STREP) in Wales: cross-sectional analysis of 11 304 consultations using anonymized electronic pharmacy records","volume":"78","author":"Mantzourani","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab470","article-title":"To swab or not to swab? Using point-of-care tests to detect group A Streptococcus infection as part of a sore throat test and treat service in community pharmacy","volume":"77","author":"Mantzourani","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjoq-2019-000833","article-title":"Impact of a pilot NHS-funded sore throat test and treat service in community pharmacies on provision and quality of patient care","volume":"9","author":"Mantzourani","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open Qual"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3293","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw264","article-title":"A feasibility service evaluation of screening and treatment of group A streptococcal pharyngitis in community pharmacies","volume":"71","author":"Thornley","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-018-3293-8","article-title":"Rapid antigen test use for the management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis in community pharmacies","volume":"37","author":"Demor\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"Euro J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2020.03.003","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of influenza and streptococcus point-of-care testing and collaborative practice prescribing in a community pharmacy setting","volume":"60","author":"Kirby","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2015.11.013","article-title":"Community pharmacist\u2013physician collaborative streptococcal pharyngitis management program","volume":"56","author":"Klepser","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad388","article-title":"A pharmacy-led sore throat test and treat (STTT) service: antigen testing and antibiotic supply rates during the period of heightened public awareness of group A Streptococcus infection","volume":"79","author":"Mantzourani","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaf057","article-title":"Comparison of antibiotic provision associated with acute sore throat symptom management in community pharmacies in Wales and England: a natural policy experiment","volume":"80","author":"Matuluko","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21501319251340836","article-title":"Streptococcus A rapid diagnostic testing in England community pharmacies: clinical and economic impact of empowering pharmacists in management of sore throat","volume":"16","author":"Edokpayi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Prim Care Commun Health"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2019.07.011","article-title":"Evaluation of a community pharmacy\u2013based influenza and group A streptococcal pharyngitis disease management program using polymerase chain reaction point-of-care testing","volume":"59","author":"Klepser","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2015.11.008","article-title":"Effectiveness of a pharmacist-physician collaborative program to manage influenza-like illness","volume":"56","author":"Klepser","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy8040182","article-title":"Development and implementation of an influenza point-of-care testing service in a chain community pharmacy setting","volume":"8","author":"Hardin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacy"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1177\/1715163516629157","article-title":"Community pharmacy rapid influenza A and B screening: a novel approach to expedite patient access to care and improve clinical outcomes","volume":"149","author":"Papastergiou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can Pharm J (Ott)"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B38","first-page":"e145","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of pharmacist-provided treatment of adult pharyngitis","volume":"18","author":"Klepser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Managed Care"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1177\/1715163518790993","article-title":"Cost-minimization analysis of community pharmacy-based point-of-care testing for strep throat in 5 Canadian provinces","volume":"151","author":"Lathia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Canadian Pharm J"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-021-01368-2","article-title":"Point-of-care C-reactive protein testing service for respiratory tract infections in community pharmacy: a qualitative study of service uptake and experience of pharmacists","volume":"44","author":"Czarniak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J clin Pharm"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcsop.2022.100147","article-title":"Implementation factor mapping of a pilot study of point-of-care C-reactive protein testing for respiratory tract infections in community pharmacy","volume":"6","author":"Chalmers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expl Res Clin Soc Pharm"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.07.034","article-title":"Understanding the impact of a new pharmacy sore throat test and treat service on patient experience: a survey study","volume":"17","author":"Mantzourani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Soc Admin Pharm"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.2147\/IPRP.S225333","article-title":"Community pharmacist views on the early stages of implementation of a pathfinder sore throat test and treat service in Wales: an exploratory study","volume":"8","author":"Mantzourani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Integrated Pharm Res Pract"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B44","first-page":"e113","article-title":"Patient satisfaction with and willingness to pay for a pharmacy-based, group A streptococcal pharyngitis point-of-care management program","volume":"55","author":"Klepser","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae445","article-title":"Understanding acceptability and willingness-to-pay for a C-reactive protein point-of-care testing service to improve antibiotic dispensing for respiratory infections in Vietnamese pharmacies: a mixed-methods study","volume":"11","author":"Vinh Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1926","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(24)00382-6","article-title":"C-reactive protein testing in primary care for acute respiratory infections: a cost-effective strategy to mitigate antimicrobial resistance across different income settings","volume":"12","author":"Lubell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab129","article-title":"Community pharmacists\u2019 views on their current role and future opportunities for antibiotic stewardship: a French qualitative study","volume":"3","author":"Essilini","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrobial Resist"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.22159\/ajpcr.2017.v10i11.19884","article-title":"A global picture of extended pharmacy services, perceptions, and barriers toward its performance: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Nordin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian J Pharm Clin Res"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1177\/1715163521999417","article-title":"Community pharmacist prescribing of antimicrobials: a systematic review from an antimicrobial stewardship perspective","volume":"154","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can Pharm J (Ott)"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2024.2443763","article-title":"Implementation of molecular diagnostic testing for group A streptococcal pharyngitis: considerations and challenges with a focus on point-of-care environments","volume":"24","author":"Sugden","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp Rev Mol Diag"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2024.02.009","article-title":"Factors influencing implementation of point-of-care testing for acute respiratory infectious diseases in community pharmacies: a scoping review using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research","volume":"20","author":"Abdellatife","year":"2024","journal-title":"Res Soc Admin Pharm"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae349","article-title":"Point-of-care tests to manage acute respiratory tract infections in primary care: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis of healthcare professional and patient views","volume":"80","author":"Hoste","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-055597","article-title":"Pharmacist\u2019s time spent: Space for Pharmacy-based Interventions and Consultation TimE (SPICE)\u2014an observational time and motion study","volume":"12","author":"Karia","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B54","author":"International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP)"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2022.101071","article-title":"Group A streptococcal (GAS) infections amongst children in Europe: taming the rising tide","volume":"51","author":"Jain","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect"},{"key":"2026061605595499500_dlag106-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51117","article-title":"Increasing incidence of invasive group A streptococcal disease in Western Australia, particularly among Indigenous people","volume":"215","author":"Wright","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med J Aust"}],"container-title":["JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jacamr\/article-pdf\/8\/3\/dlag106\/68533287\/dlag106.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jacamr\/article-pdf\/8\/3\/dlag106\/68533287\/dlag106.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T10:00:03Z","timestamp":1781604003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jacamr\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jacamr\/dlag106\/8708765"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jacamr\/dlag106","relation":{},"ISSN":["2632-1823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2632-1823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"article-number":"dlag106"}}