{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T10:31:34Z","timestamp":1788517894247,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bacterial Vaccines (BactiVac) Network","award":["BVNCP7-23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BVNCP7-23"]}]},{"name":"GCRF Networks in Vaccines Research and Development which was co-funded by the MRC and BBSRC"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000276","name":"Department of Health and Social Care as part of the Global AMR Innovation Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Enhancing Nutrition and Antenatal Infection Treatment"},{"name":"International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) Professional Scientific Exchange Program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016237","name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016237","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is increasing globally, but some regions remain understudied. This study aimed to investigate the AMR phenotypes and genotypes of N. gonorrhoeae isolates from Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, and their phylogenetic relationship to global isolates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endocervical and urethral swabs were collected from symptomatic patients at sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics from September 2021 to April 2023. The identified N. gonorrhoeae isolates (n\u200a=\u200a70) were subjected to AMR phenotyping and WGS. We generated a recombination-corrected phylogeny with 724 global representative isolates and used phylodynamics to estimate the introduction times of isolates into Bahir Dar.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline but susceptible to ceftriaxone, cefixime, azithromycin, and spectinomycin (100% susceptibility); 67 (95.7%) were resistant to penicillin. WGS identified 14 MLSTs, with ST-1587 (54.3%) the dominant sequence type. AMR determinants correlated with phenotypic findings for all antimicrobials. The phylogenetic analysis suggested at least nine introductions of N. gonorrhoeae into Bahir Dar. The ST-1587 isolates were introduced recently, showing close genetic ties to global isolates sampled in 2018\u20132019 from Asia, Europe, North America, and Oceania. ST-7827 displayed greater genetic divergence from global isolates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study presents WGS of N. gonorrhoeae isolates from Ethiopia, uncovering diverse sequence types and multidrug resistance. These findings underscore the need for routine genomic surveillance, improved antimicrobial stewardship, and targeted public health interventions to combat the spread of AMR and improve STI management in Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlag126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T08:30:18Z","timestamp":1784795418000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of\n                    <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>\n                    isolates from Ethiopia, 2021 to 2023"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Mulatu Melese","family":"Derebe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Biotechnology Division, Institute of Biotechnology, Bahir Dar University , Bahir Dar ,","place":["Ethiopia"]},{"name":"Amhara Public Health Institute , Bahir Dar ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"QinQin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abaineh","family":"Munshea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Biotechnology Division, Institute of Biotechnology, Bahir Dar University , Bahir Dar ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gizachew Yismaw","family":"Wubetu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amhara Public Health Institute , Bahir Dar ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surafel","family":"Fentaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute National Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology Reference Laboratory, , Addis Ababa ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tesfa Addis","family":"Kefale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute National Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology Reference Laboratory, , Addis Ababa ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca M","family":"McSweeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Debech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Oslo ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vegard","family":"Eldholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Oslo ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Ponton Tomaselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Oslo ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afework","family":"Kassu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute , Addis Ababa ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adane","family":"Mihret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute , Addis Ababa ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yemane","family":"Berhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addis Continental Institute of Public Health , Addis Ababa ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne C C","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Global Alliance for Infant and Maternal Health Research, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University , Providence, RI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5646-1314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonatan H","family":"Grad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. 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