{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T14:53:24Z","timestamp":1785855204919,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":33,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Management of Trichophyton indotineae dermatophytosis is challenged by high terbinafine resistance rates within this species. Antifungal susceptibility data for Australian T. indotineae isolates are lacking. Here we determined the in vitro activity of five antifungal agents, including olorofim, against T. indotineae to guide therapeutic choices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-four clinical T. indotineae isolates (cultured from skin, 2005\u20132025) across several Australian jurisdictions were tested for susceptibility to itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, terbinafine and olorofim using CLSI broth microdilution methodology. MIC endpoints were determined at 80% growth inhibition for azoles and terbinafine, and 100% inhibition for olorofim. Isolates with terbinafine MICs \u22650.5\u2005mg\/L were considered as non-WT or resistant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-eight of 44 (63.6%) T. indotineae isolates had terbinafine MICs \u22650.5\u2005mg\/L [geometric mean (GM) MIC 0.570\u2005mg\/L; MIC90 4\u2005mg\/L] with 21 (47.7%) displaying MICs \u22654\u2005mg\/L. The modal terbinafine MIC was 4\u2005mg\/L. Lower MICs were observed for azoles, with posaconazole demonstrating the greatest activity, i.e. posaconazole (GM 0.058\u2005mg\/L; MIC90 0.25\u2005mg\/L), itraconazole (GM 0.087\u2005mg\/L; MIC90 0.5\u2005mg\/L) and voriconazole (GM 0.201\u2005mg\/L; MIC90 1\u2005mg\/L). Olorofim demonstrated good in vitro activity with all 44 isolates exhibiting MICs \u200a\u2264\u200a0.06\u2005mg\/L (GM 0.023\u2005mg\/L; MIC90 0.06\u2005mg\/L).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Terbinafine resistance in T. indotineae is common in Australia but not universal. Susceptibility testing can inform treatment choice. The azoles and olorofim demonstrate good in vitro activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlag159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T11:34:36Z","timestamp":1784633676000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Emergence of\n                    <i>Trichophyton indotineae: in vitro<\/i>\n                    susceptibility data from a mycology reference laboratory in Australia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Roudbary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Westmead Hospital, NSW Health , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9983-6603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon C A","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Westmead Hospital, NSW Health , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital , Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Vieira da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westmead Hospital, NSW Health , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1978-1559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin","family":"Beardsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Westmead Hospital, NSW Health , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catriona L","family":"Halliday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital , Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080410151122000_dlag159-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2008.01606.x","article-title":"Epidemiological trends in skin mycoses worldwide","volume":"51","author":"Havlickova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2026080410151122000_dlag159-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdin.2020.10.003","article-title":"The global, regional, and national burden of fungal skin diseases in 195 countries and territories: a cross-sectional analysis from the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"2","author":"Urban","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAAD Int"},{"key":"2026080410151122000_dlag159-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-50934-3.00078-1","volume-title":"Greene's Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat","author":"Moriello","year":"2021;"},{"key":"2026080410151122000_dlag159-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.31128\/AJGP-05-19-4930","article-title":"Superficial fungal infections","volume":"48","author":"Kovitwanichkanont","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aust J Gen Prac"},{"key":"2026080410151122000_dlag159-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14050472","article-title":"Terbinafine resistance in Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton indotineae: a literature 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indotineae infections","volume":"22","author":"Gupta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"2026080410151122000_dlag159-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa562","article-title":"In vitro activity of the novel antifungal olorofim against dermatophytes and opportunistic moulds including Penicillium and Talaromyces species","volume":"76","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026080410151122000_dlag159-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2025.03.008","article-title":"Optimising the detection of Trichophyton indotineae and its prevalence in a large Australian 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Dermatol"},{"key":"2026080410151122000_dlag159-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13683","article-title":"Treatment of onychomycosis in an era of antifungal resistance: role for antifungal stewardship and topical antifungal agents","volume":"67","author":"Gupta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2026080410151122000_dlag159-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.08.042","article-title":"Subcommittee on Antifungal Susceptibility Testing (AFST) of the ESCMID European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). How to: perform antifungal susceptibility testing of microconidia-forming dermatophytes following the new reference EUCAST method E. Def 11.0, exemplified by Trichophyton","volume":"27","author":"Arendrup","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2026080410151122000_dlag159-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13778","article-title":"Prolonged treatment of dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton indotineae with terbinafine or itraconazole impacts better outcomes irrespective of mutation in the squalene epoxidase gene","volume":"67","author":"Shaw","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2026080410151122000_dlag159-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01449-21","article-title":"In vitro antifungal combination of terbinafine with itraconazole against isolates of Trichophyton species","volume":"66","author":"Bidaud","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026080410151122000_dlag159-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01386-21","article-title":"Olorofim effectively eradicates dermatophytes in vitro and in vivo","volume":"65","author":"Mirbzadeh Ardakani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"}],"container-title":["JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jacamr\/article-pdf\/8\/4\/dlag159\/70479715\/dlag159.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jacamr\/article-pdf\/8\/4\/dlag159\/70479715\/dlag159.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T14:30:41Z","timestamp":1785853841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jacamr\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jacamr\/dlag159\/8751049"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jacamr\/dlag159","relation":{},"ISSN":["2632-1823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2632-1823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"article-number":"dlag159"}}