{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T10:49:22Z","timestamp":1792147762135,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":45,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007352","name":"Swiss Confederation State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Latin American Leading House Research","award":["RPG2102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RPG2102"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007636","name":"Fondation Ernst et Lucie Schmidheiny","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006388","name":"Geneva University Hospitals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006388","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research and Development Program scheme","award":["PRD 3-2022-II"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRD 3-2022-II"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016018","name":"Universidad El Bosque Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PCI-2022-11023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCI-2022-11023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016018","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CRGNB) pose a public health threat, increasingly driven by plasmid-mediated dissemination of carbapenemase genes. As part of a Colombian genomic monitoring programme, we aimed to characterize CRGNB co-harbouring multiple carbapenemase genes and determine their genetic context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We screened 832 carbapenem-resistant isolates collected during 2011\u20132023 using carbapenemase-targeted qPCR. Ten isolates co-harbouring blaKPC, blaNDM and blaVIM underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing, long-read whole-genome sequencing, comparative genomics and conjugation assays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nine Enterobacterales isolates and one Aeromonas caviae isolate from unrelated patients in geographically distant Colombian hospitals carried closely related IncC plasmids ranging from 160 to 317\u2005kb. These plasmids co-harboured blaKPC-2, blaNDM-1 and blaVIM-24 within three conserved multidrug resistance regions, including a Tn21-associated region carrying blaNDM-1 and blaVIM-24 and a Tn6454-associated blaKPC-2 platform, alongside class 1 integrons, insertion sequences and multiple additional antimicrobial resistance determinants. The ten isolates were resistant to multiple \u03b2-lactam\/\u03b2-lactamase inhibitor combinations, and five were cefiderocol resistant. Aztreonam\/avibactam remained active against all isolates; colistin resistance was confined to intrinsically resistant Providencia rettgeri and Serratia sarumanii. Conjugation assays demonstrated plasmid transfer to Escherichia coli J53, and sequencing confirmed transfer of a 179\u2005kb IncC plasmid with functional conjugation machinery. Comparative genomic analysis showed a highly conserved IncC plasmid backbone across multiple species, supporting broad dissemination of this resistance platform.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This first report of a single plasmid co-harbouring three carbapenemase genes. This finding highlights a concerning mechanism for interspecies dissemination of MDR Gram-negative pathogens and underscores the importance of long-read genomic surveillance focused on high-risk plasmids.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlag222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T11:44:57Z","timestamp":1790941497000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Emergence and dissemination of an IncC plasmid co-harbouring\n                    <i>bla<\/i>\n                    KPC-2,\n                    <i>bla<\/i>\n                    NDM-1 and\n                    <i>bla<\/i>\n                    VIM-24 carbapenemase genes across multiple Gram-negative species in Colombia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8657-1781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Sierra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals , Geneva ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betsy","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaciones en Resistencia Antimicrobiana y Epidemiolog\u00eda Hospitalaria (RAEH), Universidad El Bosque , Bogot\u00e1 ,","place":["Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsa","family":"De La Cadena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaciones en Resistencia Antimicrobiana y Epidemiolog\u00eda Hospitalaria (RAEH), Universidad El Bosque , Bogot\u00e1 ,","place":["Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura J","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland, OH , ; , OH ,","place":["USA USA"]},{"name":"CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES) Cleveland , Cleveland, OH , ; , OH ,","place":["USA USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Garc\u00eda-Betancur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaciones en Resistencia Antimicrobiana y Epidemiolog\u00eda Hospitalaria (RAEH), Universidad El Bosque , Bogot\u00e1 ,","place":["Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6485-8434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e9lanie","family":"Roch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven M","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Research Service, , VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nalleth","family":"Bola\u00f1o-Ardila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Popular del Cesar Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, , Valledupar, Cesar ,","place":["Colombia"]},{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Doctorado en Medicina Tropical, Universidad de Cartagena , Cartagena ,","place":["Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan D","family":"Rudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Research Service, , VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland, OH ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janneth J","family":"Escobar-Arcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Cl\u00ednico, Cl\u00ednica Imbanaco, Grupo Quir\u00f3nsalud , Cali ,","place":["Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara J","family":"Salazar-Montes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Nuestra Cali Laboratorio de Microbiolog\u00eda, , Cali ,","place":["Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belkis","family":"Palacio-Villalba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fatoxacol SAS. Departamento de Investigaci\u00f3n, Grupo: FATOXACOL , Cartagena ,","place":["Colombia"]},{"name":"Universidad de Cartagena, Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda , Cartagena ,","place":["Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Departamental Tomas Uribe Uribe Comit\u00e9 de Infecciones, , Tulu\u00e1, Valle del Cauca ,","place":["Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A","family":"Bonomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland, OH , ; , OH ,","place":["USA USA"]},{"name":"CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES) Cleveland , Cleveland, OH , ; , OH ,","place":["USA USA"]},{"name":"Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Research Service, , VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland, OH ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Departments Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland, OH ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Virginia","family":"Villegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaciones en Resistencia Antimicrobiana y Epidemiolog\u00eda Hospitalaria (RAEH), Universidad El Bosque , Bogot\u00e1 ,","place":["Colombia"]},{"name":"Comit\u00e9 de Infecciones y Vigilancia Epidemiol\u00f3gica, Cl\u00ednica Imbanaco, Grupo Quir\u00f3nsalud , Cali ,","place":["Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3247-9274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego 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