{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:25:18Z","timestamp":1788827118403,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004508","name":"Prince of Songkla University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VET6604121S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VET6604121S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004508","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Spotted Scat Scatophagus argus, particularly in aquaculture, is commonly affected by intestinal parasitic infections that impact its health and growth. Filisoma spp., an acanthocephalan parasite, and Cryptosporidium spp. cause intestinal inflammation in various marine fish; however, infections with Cryptosporidium spp. or co-infection with these parasites have not been identified in Spotted Scat.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Host\u2013parasite interactions in fish, including the inflammatory responses of the intestine, were investigated in 32 cultured Spotted Scat from Songkhla, Thailand. The study used parasitological examination, including polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions of the ribosomal RNA gene for acanthocephalans and the 18S ribosomal RNA gene for Cryptosporidium. Additionally, histopathology and immunohistochemistry for interleukin-4 expression were performed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Most of the infected fish showed no significant clinical signs, with postmortem findings of hemorrhagic, congested, and edematous intestines. Parasitological analysis revealed that 84.37% of the fish were infected, with 9.37% having a single helminth infection, 40.62% being infected with coccidia, 34.37% having mixed infections with both parasites, and 15.62% of the fish being free from intestinal parasites. Polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing indicated that F. argusum and C. bollandi were the parasites involved. Histopathology showed increased inflammatory cell infiltrations, particularly eosinophilic granule cells and mononuclear cells, as well as higher levels of histopathological changes (vascular congestion, tissue necrosis, and epithelial desquamation) in the single F. argusum infection and co-infection with F. argusum and C. bollandi compared with C. bollandi infection alone. Similarly, significantly elevated interleukin-4 expression in the intestines, indicating a strong proinflammatory immune response, was observed in these groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study highlights the detrimental effects of F. argusum, regardless of whether it is a single or concomitant infection, which may impact the health of fish.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jahafs\/vsaf009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T23:17:26Z","timestamp":1755040646000},"page":"122-135","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Detection and pathological effects of intestinal parasites in Spotted Scat <i>Scatophagus argus<\/i>: <i>Filisoma<\/i> spp. and\u00a0<i>Cryptosporidium<\/i> spp. as infective agents and their roles in fish inflammatory response"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4815-1679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Watcharapol","family":"Suyapoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University , Songkhla ,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1207-7021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boonruen","family":"Thaweechart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University , Bangkok ,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8663-4008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Punnita","family":"Wae-asae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University , Bangkok ,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7722-6399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narissara","family":"Keawchana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University , Songkhla ,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1169-9446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peerapon","family":"Sornying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University , Songkhla ,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8654-5428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sareepah","family":"Manmoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University , Songkhla ,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3111-7693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pirayu","family":"Rakwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University , Songkhla ,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8073-6226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sasibha","family":"Jantrakajorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University , Songkhla ,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092203373267600_vsaf009-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13061088","article-title":"Prevalence and morphological investigation of parasitic infection in freshwater fish (Nile Tilapia) from upper Egypt","volume":"13","author":"Abd-ELrahman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"2025092203373267600_vsaf009-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.52168\/bjf.2022.34.21","article-title":"Optimization of stocking density of Spotted Scat (Scatophagus argus) in brackishwater nursery","volume":"34","author":"Ahmmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bangladesh Journal of Fisheries"},{"key":"2025092203373267600_vsaf009-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed9010013","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory interleukins in infectious diseases: A comprehensive review","volume":"9","author":"Al-Qahtani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease"},{"key":"2025092203373267600_vsaf009-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3354\/dao062133","article-title":"Cryptosporidium scophthalmi n. sp. 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