{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T07:05:08Z","timestamp":1780556708122,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n Given the limited ocular pathology data for common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis and hummingbird bobtail squid Euprymna berryi despite their high visual dependency, the purpose of this study was to investigate and describe the ophthalmic lesions in a cohort of laboratory-housed common cuttlefish and hummingbird bobtail squid.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Cases were retrospectively selected from the International Zoo Veterinary Group Pathology database that reported confirmed clinical ophthalmic lesions or histopathological lesions. Twenty-five cases were identified that included clinical records and gross and histopathological examination of whole specimens. The cases included 19 common cuttlefish and six hummingbird bobtail squid, thus providing a sample of 50 eyes and orbital cavities.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Thirty-two of 50 individual eyes (64%) and 30 of 50 white bodies (60%) were affected. The most frequent lesion that was observed was inflammation (n = 29\/32, 91%), primarily manifesting as uveitis (n = 23\/32, 72%) and phakitis (n = 10\/32, 31%). Cataracts were also common (n = 14\/32, 44%), often with cataract-associated inflammation (n = 9\/14, 64%). Leukopoietic hyperplasia of the white body was bilaterally observed in 15 of 25 animals (60%) and was thought to be associated with exophthalmos. In the absence of notable intraocular or infraorbital lesions in some animals, this change was considered reactive, likely in response to nonocular lesions, such as ulcerative dermatitis and branchitis. Notable additional findings included hypopyon-like lesions (n = 3\/32, 9%), a single case of congenital ocular malformation, and one case with mesenchymal proliferations that were reminiscent of florid fibroplasia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n This study contributes to the expanding knowledge of cephalopod ocular pathology, with previously unreported findings in these cephalopods including congenital ocular malformation and cases of \u00adhypopyon-like lesions with proteinaceous material exudation and hemocytes in the anterior chamber. Additionally, it offers specific insights into the ocular pathology of the hummingbird bobtail squid.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jahafs\/vsag003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T15:06:09Z","timestamp":1780326369000},"page":"73-86","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spontaneous ophthalmic lesions in laboratory-housed common cuttlefish\n Sepia\u00a0officinalis<\/i>\n and hummingbird bobtail squid\n Euprymna berryi<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4313-6976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadiah M H A","family":"van Eijk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pathology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht ,","place":["The 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