{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T08:18:44Z","timestamp":1787818724610,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2019-70007-30417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-70007-30417"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007917","name":"Agricultural Research Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Current Research Information System project 1930-32000-007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Current Research Information System project 1930-32000-007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Flavobacterium psychrophilum causes bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) and Rainbow Trout fry syndrome (RTFS) in salmonids, resulting in significant economic losses worldwide. Bacterial culture remains a widely used method for F. psychrophilum diagnostics and is core to BCWD and RTFS research; however, some isolates grow poorly on existing media. The primary goal of this study was to develop a solid culture medium that improves the in vitro recovery of F. psychrophilum across a diverse set of multilocus sequence typing variants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Initially, CFU yields of 165 diverse F. psychrophilum isolates were compared across three established media, and the best-performing medium was selected for optimization. A Plackett\u2013Burman screening design was used to identify influential medium components, after which two new media (F. psychrophilum medium-A [FPM-A] and F. psychrophilum medium-B [FPM-B]) were formulated and compared with tryptone yeast extract salts medium (TYES) under laboratory and field conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five medium components (e.g., casamino acids, CaCl2, MgSO4, tryptose, and fetal bovine serum) significantly influenced CFU yield, guiding the formulation of FPM-A and FPM-B, which increased CFU yield by over 2.4-fold relative to TYES. During surveillance of 240 spawning-age salmonids (four species, four sites), FPM-A and FPM-B significantly improved F. psychrophilum recovery in comparison with TYES.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The new media improved the recovery of diverse F. psychrophilum variants and improved culture-based detection from naturally infected fish. Both FPM-A and FPM-B performed similarly; however, FPM-A has fewer components, is less expensive to produce, and thus is recommended to support future BCWD\/RTFS diagnostic and research efforts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jahafs\/vsag011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T16:16:21Z","timestamp":1784909781000},"page":"197-213","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["New culture medium enhances the isolation and culture of\n                    <i>Flavobacterium psychrophilum<\/i>\n                    , causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease and Rainbow Trout fry syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Knupp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University , East\u00a0Lansing,\u00a0Michigan ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean M G","family":"Lennox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University , East\u00a0Lansing,\u00a0Michigan ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esteban","family":"Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, Weill School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, Davis, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory D","family":"Wiens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture , Kearneysville, West Virginia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas P","family":"Loch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University , East\u00a0Lansing,\u00a0Michigan ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University , East\u00a0Lansing, Michigan ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082703470084600_vsag011-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2007.02126.x","article-title":"Recovery of Flavobacterium psychrophilum viable cells using a charcoal-based solid medium","volume":"44","author":"\u00c1lvarez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Letters in Applied Microbiology"},{"key":"2026082703470084600_vsag011-B2","author":"American Fisheries Society\u2013Fish Health Section","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026082703470084600_vsag011-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.78.1.25-32.1959","article-title":"Studies on the myxobacterium Chondrococcus columnaris: I. 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