{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T06:37:27Z","timestamp":1770964647956,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) testing by the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) is important for the diagnosis of autoimmune vasculitis. A common analytical interference for ANCA-IFA is the presence of an antinuclear antibody (ANA), which can cause an apparent perinuclear ANCA (pANCA) result on ethanol-fixed neutrophils. Here, the association of ANA patterns, titers, and concentrations with pANCA interference is investigated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Samples positive for ANA by IFA with homogeneous, speckled, dense fine speckled (DFS), and centromere patterns were tested for ANA by enzyme immunoassay (EIA)] and for ANCA by IFA on ethanol-fixed neutrophils. Titers and concentrations were determined for the ANA-IFA and EIA, respectively, and correlated with the frequency of pANCA interpretations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>For ANA-EIA positive samples (\u22651.1U), 20.0% led to a pANCA interpretation compared to 5.1% for negative samples (\u22641.0U). For samples positive by ANA-IFA, 12.9% resulted in a pANCA interpretation. Interference on pANCA correlated with ANA-IFA titer, with ANA titers \u22651:1280 identified as pANCA positive in 20.9% of samples compared to 9.7% for titers &amp;lt;1:1280. There was also a correlation with ANA pattern, as homogeneous samples were most likely to be called positive for pANCA (31.7%), followed by speckled (8.8%), DFS (6.8%), and centromere (3.6%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Positivity for ANA by EIA is associated with increased prevalence of pANCA interpretation. Samples positive for ANA by IFA also demonstrated this association, particularly with higher-titer, homogeneous patterns. Laboratories can use this information to determine an optimal workflow for when investigating potential pANCA interferences.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jalm\/jfab122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T20:14:17Z","timestamp":1637007257000},"page":"75-80","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Correlation of ANA Characteristics with pANCA IFA Interference"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Nicholas E","family":"Larkey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley M","family":"Denome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa R","family":"Snyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022010916492569700_jfab122-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102759","article-title":"The biology, pathogenetic role, clinical implications, and open issues of serum anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies","volume":"20","author":"Ramponi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2022010916492569700_jfab122-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.08.008","article-title":"Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies: methodological aspects and clinical significance in systemic vasculitis","volume":"12","author":"Radice","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2022010916492569700_jfab122-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.140","article-title":"Position paper: revised 2017 international consensus on testing of ANCAs in granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis","volume":"13","author":"Bossuyt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"2022010916492569700_jfab122-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199809)41:9<1521::AID-ART2>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies","volume":"41","author":"Hoffman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2022010916492569700_jfab122-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCP4Y8ADMKOSCXV","article-title":"Diagnostic value of distinguishing and reporting different perinuclear ANCA (P-ANCA) immunofluorescence patterns: a prospective study","volume":"140","author":"Perel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2022010916492569700_jfab122-B6","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022010916492569700_jfab122-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203863","article-title":"International recommendations for the assessment of autoantibodies to cellular antigens referred to as anti-nuclear antibodies","volume":"73","author":"Agmon-Levin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2022010916492569700_jfab122-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315179","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/315179","article-title":"Current concepts and future directions for the assessment of autoantibodies to cellular antigens referred to as anti-nuclear antibodies","volume":"2014","author":"Mahler","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"2022010916492569700_jfab122-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00002-09","article-title":"Evaluation of the combined application of ethanol-fixed and formaldehyde-fixed neutrophil substrates for identifying atypical perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"16","author":"Papp","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"2022010916492569700_jfab122-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPG02FGQVAUSIU","article-title":"A dual-fixed neutrophil substrate improves interpretation of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence","volume":"142","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2022010916492569700_jfab122-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1373\/jalm.2016.020172","article-title":"Utility of antinuclear antibody screening by various methods in a clinical laboratory patient cohort","volume":"1","author":"Deng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Appl Lab Med"},{"key":"2022010916492569700_jfab122-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5200","article-title":"Detection of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies under actual clinical testing conditions","volume":"103","author":"Russell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2022010916492569700_jfab122-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reuma.2014.02.010","article-title":"Antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody: positivity and clinical correlation","volume":"11","author":"Mart\u00ednez T\u00e9llez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reumatol Clin"},{"key":"2022010916492569700_jfab122-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reuma.2018.09.007","article-title":"Frequency of positive ANCA test in a population with clinical symptoms suggestive of autoimmune disease and the interference of ANA in its interpretation","volume":"16","author":"Romero-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"2022010916492569700_jfab122-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2017.10.006","article-title":"Serology in autoimmune hepatitis: a clinical-practice approach","volume":"48","author":"Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jalm\/article-pdf\/7\/1\/75\/42084076\/jfab122.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jalm\/article-pdf\/7\/1\/75\/42084076\/jfab122.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T16:50:12Z","timestamp":1641747012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jalm\/article\/7\/1\/75\/6498248"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jalm\/jfab122","relation":{},"ISSN":["2576-9456","2475-7241"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2576-9456","type":"print"},{"value":"2475-7241","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]}}}