{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T06:08:03Z","timestamp":1769062083072,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests have great potential to help combat the COVID-19 pandemic. In the performance of a rapid, antigen-based SARS-CoV-2 test (RAT), our study had 3 main objectives: to determine the accuracy of nasal swabs, the accuracy of using nasopharyngeal swabs for nasal collection (nasalNP), and the effectiveness of using residual extraction buffer for real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT\u2013PCR) confirmation of positive RAT (rPan).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Symptomatic adults recently diagnosed with COVID-19 in the community were recruited into the study. Nasal samples were collected using either a nasalNP or nasal swab and tested immediately with the RAT in the individual\u2019s home by a health care provider. 500 \u00b5L of universal transport media was added to the residual extraction buffer after testing and sent to the laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 testing using RT\u2013PCR. Parallel throat swabs tested with RT\u2013PCR were used as the reference comparators.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>One hundred and fifty-five individuals were included in the study (99 nasal swabs, 56 nasalNP). Sensitivities of nasal samples tested on the RAT using either nasal or nasalNP were 89.0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 80.7%\u201394.6%] and 90.2% (95% CI 78.6%\u201396.7%), respectively. rPan positivity agreement compared to throat RT\u2013PCR was 96.2%.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>RAT reliably detect SARS-CoV-2 from symptomatic adults in the community presenting within 7 days of symptom onset using nasal swabs or nasalNP. High agreement with rPan can avoid the need for collecting a second swab for RT\u2013PCR confirmation or testing of variants of concern from positive RAT in this population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jalm\/jfac004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]],"date-time":"2022-01-14T04:24:17Z","timestamp":1642134257000},"page":"834-841","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["One Swab Fits All: Performance of a Rapid, Antigen-Based SARS-CoV-2 Test Using a Nasal Swab, Nasopharyngeal Swab for Nasal Collection, and RT\u2013PCR Confirmation from Residual Extraction Buffer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8684-0494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Stokes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Precision Laboratories , Edmonton, Alberta , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta , Canada"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byron M","family":"Berenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Precision Laboratories , Calgary, Alberta , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brittney","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Szelewicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takshveer","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Portnoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LeeAnn","family":"Turnbull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Precision Laboratories , Edmonton, Alberta , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanti","family":"Pabbaraju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Precision Laboratories , Calgary, Alberta , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandy","family":"Shokoples","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Precision Laboratories , Edmonton, Alberta , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anita A","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Precision Laboratories , Calgary, Alberta , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kara","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Precision Laboratories , Calgary, Alberta , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada"},{"name":"Public Health, Alberta Health Services , Calgary, Alberta , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Tipples","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Precision Laboratories , Edmonton, Alberta , Canada"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta , Canada"},{"name":"Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022063016403331000_jfac004-B1","author":"Abbott","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022063016403331000_jfac004-B2","author":"Abbott","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022063016403331000_jfac004-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-021-04202-9","article-title":"Clinical performance of the Abbott Panbio with nasopharyngeal, throat and saliva swabs among symptomatic individuals with COVID-19","volume":"40","author":"Stokes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022063016403331000_jfac004-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.12.007","article-title":"Evaluation of the rapid antigen test Panbio COVID-19 in saliva and nasal swabs in a population-based point-of-care study","volume":"82","author":"Agull\u00f3","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2022063016403331000_jfac004-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115618","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of nasopharyngeal, midturbinate nasal and oropharyngeal swabs for the detection of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"102","author":"Berenger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022063016403331000_jfac004-B6","article-title":"Development and validation of reserve transcriptase-PCR assays for the testing of 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the Abbott PanbioTM COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test","volume":"47","author":"Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network Laboratory Directors Council and the Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network Respiratory Virus Infection Working Group","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can Commun Dis Rep"},{"key":"2022063016403331000_jfac004-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02881","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02881-20","article-title":"Performance of saliva, oropharyngeal swabs, and nasal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 molecular detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Applied Laboratory 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