{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T17:09:33Z","timestamp":1757610573238,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A common problem in clinical laboratories and outpatient clinics is processing specimens rapidly to comply with specimen stability criteria. Currently, for therapeutic drug monitoring, the laboratory must centrifuge specimens and remove the serum or plasma from cells within 2\u2005hours. Many of these drugs are monitored in the outpatient setting, which may require longer transportation times. This creates challenges for the laboratory in processing samples within 2\u2005hours and may result in unnecessary rejection of otherwise acceptable specimens if blood is left on cells too long. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of storage time before centrifugation on the stability of digoxin, lithium, phenytoin, valproic acid, and vancomycin in blood.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The concentration of 5 therapeutic drugs was examined following extended on-cell storage at room temperature (RT). For each drug studied, 3 red-top, no gel serum tubes per patient were collected and maintained at RT for 0.5, 6, and 12\u2005hours after collection. Statistically significant changes from the 0.5-hour control were determined using repeated-measures ANOVA. Phenytoin studies were supplemented with spiked specimens. The spiked whole blood samples were mixed and left at RT for 0.5, 2, 4, 6, or 12\u2005hours after collection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The concentration of digoxin, lithium, phenytoin, valproic acid, and vancomycin were all within \u00b110% of the baseline concentration when left at RT on cells up to 12\u2005hours.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All 5 drugs showed adequate stability in unprocessed clotted blood for up to 12\u2005hours at RT. This data can alleviate constraints on processing samples for therapeutic drug monitoring in the clinical laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jalm\/jfaf076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T08:27:45Z","timestamp":1749457665000},"page":"1285-1291","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["On-Cell Stability of Digoxin, Lithium, Phenytoin, Valproic Acid, and Vancomycin for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4622-2923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather A","family":"Nelson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, UT ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"ARUP Laboratories , Salt Lake City, UT ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chad","family":"Condie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, UT ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"ARUP Laboratories , Salt Lake City, UT ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph W","family":"Rudolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, UT ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"ARUP Laboratories , Salt Lake City, UT ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren N","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, UT ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"ARUP Laboratories , Salt Lake City, UT ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090311534769400_jfaf076-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/48.12.2242","article-title":"Stability studies of twenty-four analytes in human plasma and serum","volume":"48","author":"Boyanton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2025090311534769400_jfaf076-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/66.3.598","article-title":"Changes in serum chemical values as a result of prolonged contact with the clot","volume":"66","author":"Laessig","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2025090311534769400_jfaf076-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/27.1.35","article-title":"Serum-constituents analyses: effect of duration and temperature of storage of clotted blood","volume":"27","author":"Ono","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2025090311534769400_jfaf076-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/44.6.1325","article-title":"Effect of serum-clot contact time on clinical chemistry laboratory results","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2025090311534769400_jfaf076-B5","volume-title":"CLSI GP44-A4: Procedures for the handling and processing of blood specimens for common laboratory tests; approved guideline","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2010","edition":"4th Ed"},{"key":"2025090311534769400_jfaf076-B6","first-page":"385","volume-title":"Clinical chemistry: theory, analysis, and correlation","author":"Passey","year":"1996","edition":"3rd Ed"},{"key":"2025090311534769400_jfaf076-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-199606000-00016","article-title":"Stability of therapeutic drug measurement in specimens collected in vacutainer plastic blood-collection tubes","volume":"18","author":"Dasgupta","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"2025090311534769400_jfaf076-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/101.4.456","article-title":"Absorption of therapeutic drugs by barrier gels in serum separator blood collection tubes. 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