{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T01:37:14Z","timestamp":1772761034754,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not all quantity values determined in a medical laboratory are obtained by direct analytical measurement. In many situations, a quantity value is calculated from other measurements through a functional relationship, where the output quantity is derived from one or more input quantities by applying a defined mathematical equation. Even though important for clinical interpretation, the measurement uncertainty (MU) of calculated quantities may not always be considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Content<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prostate health index (phi) has been shown to improve the clinical assessment of prostate cancer. Estimates for the MU of phi have been recently provided by a novel approach in which the uncertainty of phi was directly calculated from internal quality control (IQC). However, this method for determining MU generally provides a higher estimate than the procedure recommended by the \u201cEvaluation of Measurement Data\u2014Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement\u201d (GUM) and does not allow for the incorporation of a correlation term. A full evaluation of the MU for phi by the GUM procedure is provided.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The importance of the GUM approach with the inclusion of correlation terms is clearly shown by the phi calculation. By comparison, the relative standard uncertainty obtained by the direct IQC procedure for a mean phi value of 24.48 was given as 7.2%, while by GUM, the relative standard uncertainty for the same mean phi was 3.60% with correlation included and 5.99% without correlation. The influence of correlation terms within the GUM equations is clearly shown for the phi calculation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jalm\/jfaf080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T07:47:29Z","timestamp":1749023249000},"page":"1614-1621","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Measurement Uncertainty and the Prostate Health Index\u2014A Review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2993-0629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Farrance","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University , Bundoora, VIC ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Frenkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roseville, NSW ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025110423183113600_jfaf080-B1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Uncertainty of measurement: a review of the rules for calculating uncertainty components through functional relationships","volume":"33","author":"Farrance","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Biochem Rev"},{"key":"2025110423183113600_jfaf080-B2","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)","year":"2012"},{"key":"2025110423183113600_jfaf080-B3","first-page":"37","article-title":"Uncertainty in measurement: a review of Monte Carlo simulation using Microsoft Excel for the calculation of uncertainties through functional relationships, including uncertainties in empirically derived constants","volume":"35","author":"Farrance","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Biochem Rev"},{"key":"2025110423183113600_jfaf080-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2018.02.003","article-title":"Uncertainty in measurement: procedures for determining uncertainty with application to clinical laboratory calculations","volume":"85","author":"Frenkel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Clin Chem"},{"key":"2025110423183113600_jfaf080-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.PLABM.2018.e00097","article-title":"Uncertainty in measurement: a review of the procedures for determining uncertainty in measurement and its use in deriving the biological variation of the estimated glomerular filtration rate","volume":"12","author":"Farrance","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pract Lab Med"},{"key":"2025110423183113600_jfaf080-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2020-1003","article-title":"Measurement uncertainty estimation for derived biological quantities","volume":"59","author":"Rigo-Bonnin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"2025110423183113600_jfaf080-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2023-1023","article-title":"Measurement uncertainty estimation of free drug concentration in clinical laboratories using equilibrium dialysis","volume":"62","author":"Rigo-Bonnin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"2025110423183113600_jfaf080-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2023-0451","article-title":"Uncertainty in measurement and the renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate","volume":"61","author":"Farrance","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"2025110423183113600_jfaf080-B9","first-page":"921","article-title":"Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) isoform p2PSA in combination with total PSA and free PSA improves diagnostic accuracy in prostate cancer detection","volume":"57","author":"Jansen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"2025110423183113600_jfaf080-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.12.032","article-title":"A multi-center study of [-2]pro-prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in combination with PSA and free PSA for prostate cancer detection in the 2.0 to 10.0 ng\/mL range","volume":"185","author":"Catalona","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2025110423183113600_jfaf080-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287213513488","article-title":"The prostate health index; 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