{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T12:12:55Z","timestamp":1789992775866,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Accurate assessment of low-level blood glucose is essential for managing neonatal hypoglycemia. This study compared low-level neonatal glucose measurements across commonly used platforms and evaluated the potential clinical implications of method-specific differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Paired neonatal glucose were measured using the Accu-Chek Inform II blood glucose monitoring system (BGMS) device and the Radiometer ABL90 Flex Plus blood gas analyzer. A subset of paired samples was also compared with the Beckman Coulter AU5800 hexokinase method. Method agreement was assessed using Deming regression and Bland\u2013Altman analysis. Exploratory analyses evaluated impact of clinical characteristics, including gestational age, birth weight, growth status, and delivery mode.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Agreement between Accu-Chek and ABL90 was modest (R = 0.558) with wide limits of agreement (\u221213.21 to 12.95\u2005mg\/dL; \u22120.73 to 0.72\u2005mmol\/L) and a bidirectional bias pattern. Positive-bias samples showed a mean bias of 6.13\u2005mg\/dL (0.34\u2005mmol\/L), whereas negative-bias samples showed \u22125.29\u2005mg\/dL (\u22120.29\u2005mmol\/L). By contrast, Accu-Chek demonstrated strong agreement with the AU5800 hexokinase method (R = 0.976) and narrower limits of agreement (\u22122.53 to 6.64\u2005mg\/dL; \u22120.14 to 0.37\u2005mmol\/L). No significant associations were identified between absolute bias and neonatal clinical characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At low glucose concentrations, agreement between the Accu-Chek and ABL90 was variable and bidirectional, while agreement between the BGMS meter and the hexokinase method was strong. The lack of association between analytical bias and neonatal characteristics suggests that platform-specific analytical performance, rather than patient factors, accounts for variability at clinically relevant glucose levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jalm\/jfag144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T11:39:50Z","timestamp":1787398790000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of Blood Glucose Measurement Methods at Low Concentrations in Neonates at Risk for Hypoglycemia"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2795-1407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liyun","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092106134437900_jfag144-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-2239","article-title":"Risk of neonatal hypoglycemia in infants of mothers with gestational glucose intolerance","volume":"47","author":"Andrews","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026092106134437900_jfag144-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.05.022","article-title":"Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in babies identified as at risk","volume":"161","author":"Harris","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2026092106134437900_jfag144-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-024-01700-7","article-title":"Risk factors for neonatal hypoglycemia: a meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"2026092106134437900_jfag144-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000544","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjmed-2023-000544","article-title":"Neonatal hypoglycaemia","volume":"3","author":"Harding","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Med"},{"key":"2026092106134437900_jfag144-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.02.045","article-title":"Re-evaluating \u201ctransitional neonatal hypoglycemia\u201d: mechanism and implications for management","volume":"166","author":"Stanley","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2026092106134437900_jfag144-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1159\/000492859","article-title":"Neonatal glycaemia and neurodevelopmental outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"115","author":"Shah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"2026092106134437900_jfag144-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2822","article-title":"Patterns of cerebral injury and neurodevelopmental outcomes after symptomatic neonatal hypoglycemia","volume":"122","author":"Burns","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026092106134437900_jfag144-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-018-0425-5","article-title":"Moderate neonatal hypoglycemia and adverse neurological development at 2-6 years of age","volume":"33","author":"Wickstrom","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026092106134437900_jfag144-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F153","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-304682","article-title":"Glucose monitoring in neonates: need for accurate and non-invasive methods","volume":"99","author":"Woo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"2026092106134437900_jfag144-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2007.0257","article-title":"Evaluation of the impact of hematocrit and other interference on the accuracy of hospital-based glucose meters","volume":"10","author":"Karon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"2026092106134437900_jfag144-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2010.05.005","article-title":"Measurement of glucose levels in the newborn","volume":"86","author":"Beardsall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"2026092106134437900_jfag144-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.03.057","article-title":"Recommendations from the pediatric endocrine society for evaluation and management of persistent hypoglycemia in neonates, infants, and children","volume":"167","author":"Thornton","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2026092106134437900_jfag144-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.5.1141","article-title":"Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds","volume":"105","author":"Cornblath","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026092106134437900_jfag144-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1177\/193229680900300446","article-title":"Glucose meters: a review of technical challenges to obtaining accurate results","volume":"3","author":"Tonyushkina","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"2026092106134437900_jfag144-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1822","article-title":"Review of adverse events associated with false glucose readings measured by GDH-PQQ-based glucose test strips in the presence of interfering sugars","volume":"33","author":"Frias","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026092106134437900_jfag144-B16","author":"FDA"},{"key":"2026092106134437900_jfag144-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F356","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.033548","article-title":"Evaluation of \u201cpoint of care\u201d devices in the measurement of low blood glucose in neonatal practice","volume":"89","author":"Ho","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"2026092106134437900_jfag144-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2013.07.021","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of three point of care devices for glycemia measurement in a neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"425","author":"Diaw","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"2026092106134437900_jfag144-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.051979","article-title":"Approved IFCC recommendation on reporting results for blood glucose (abbreviated)","volume":"51","author":"D'Orazio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2026092106134437900_jfag144-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2006.249","article-title":"Analytical validation of the new plasma calibrated Accu-Chek Test Strips (Roche Diagnostics)","volume":"44","author":"Meex","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"2026092106134437900_jfag144-B21","first-page":"114","article-title":"Recommendation on reporting results for blood glucose (from an IFCC stage 1 document) IFCC scientific division working group on selective electrodes","volume":"12","author":"Fogh-Andersen","year":"2000","journal-title":"EJIFCC"},{"key":"2026092106134437900_jfag144-B22","first-page":"502","volume-title":"Tietz textbook of laboratory medicine","author":"Sacks","year":"2023","edition":"7th Ed"},{"key":"2026092106134437900_jfag144-B23","first-page":"16","article-title":"Glucose meters: where are we now? Where are we heading?","volume":"44","author":"Isbell","year":"2012","journal-title":"MLO Med Lab Obs"},{"key":"2026092106134437900_jfag144-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/193229680700100205","article-title":"Glucose measurement: time for a gold standard","volume":"1","author":"Hagvik","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"2026092106134437900_jfag144-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2012-0436","article-title":"Hematocrit correction does not improve glucose monitor accuracy in the assessment of neonatal hypoglycemia","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jalm\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jalm\/jfag144\/71275786\/jfag144.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jalm\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jalm\/jfag144\/71275786\/jfag144.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:41:09Z","timestamp":1789990869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jalm\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/jalm\/jfag144\/8823520"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"references-count":25,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jalm\/jfag144","relation":{},"ISSN":["2475-7241"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2475-7241","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"article-number":"jfag144"}}