{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:19:31Z","timestamp":1790270371067,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to quantify antimicrobial consumption (AMC) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This observational study was conducted at two tertiary care hospitals of Pakistan over a 1-year period. The AMC and resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolates collected from hospitals were observed and analysed using the pearson correlation coefficient. AMC in hospitals varied between 0.00186 and 0.72 (Mean\u00a0=\u00a00.12 \u00b1\u00a00.191) Defined Daily Dose (DDDs)\/1000 patient-days. Fluoroquinolones were the most consumed antimicrobial followed by penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and aminoglycosides. Antimicrobial-resistant rates in hospitals varied between 92.2% and 34.6%. The highest resistance rate was observed for moxifloxacin, followed by ampicillin, cefotaxime, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, amoxiclav, and amikacin. Statistically significant association was found between AMC and resistance rate for ampicillin (r\u00a0=\u00a00.78, P\u00a0=\u00a00.032), cefotaxime (r\u00a0=\u00a00.87, P\u00a0=\u00a00.012), ceftriaxone (r\u00a0=\u00a00.67, P\u00a0=\u00a00.042), and ciprofloxacin (r\u00a0=\u00a00.63, P\u00a0=\u00a00.031). Additionally, there was a significant association between fluoroquinolone consumption and the resistance rate of third generation cephalosporins (r\u00a0=\u00a00.61, P\u00a0=\u00a00.032), and significance was also found when all antimicrobials were combined into 1 analysis (r\u00a0=\u00a00.721, P\u00a0=\u00a00.032).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This data documented a significant association between AMC and resistant rates for multiple antimicrobial agents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxac003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T18:42:56Z","timestamp":1678992176000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Association between antimicrobial consumption and resistance rate of<i>Escherichia coli<\/i>in hospital settings"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Sabahat","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad 38000 , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajjad ur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad 38000 , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faqir","family":"Muhammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad 38000 , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mashkoor","family":"Mohsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad 38000 , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023031616324089800_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw172.1556","article-title":"Uropathogenic E. coli from Pakistan have high prevalence of multidrug resistance, ESBL, and O25b-ST131","volume":"3","author":"Ali","year":"2016","journal-title":"OFID"},{"key":"2023031616324089800_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0233275","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233275","article-title":"Antibiotic consumption study in two hospitals in Asmara from 2014 to 2018 using WHO's defined daily dose (DDD) methodology","volume":"15","author":"Amaha","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023031616324089800_","first-page":"148","article-title":"A mathematical model for predicting the development of bacterial resistance based on the relationship between the level of antimicrobial resistance and the volume of antibiotic consumption","volume":"8","author":"Arepyeva","year":"2017","journal-title":"JGAR"},{"key":"2023031616324089800_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S189114","article-title":"What drives inappropriate use of antibiotics? 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