{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T13:38:46Z","timestamp":1791466726791,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department for Economy, Northern Ireland"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in ruminants and is suspected to be involved in the development of Crohn's disease and several autoimmune disorders. As such, sensitive and specific MAP detection methods are required to confirm infection in animals and identify potential sources of animal and human exposure. Despite recent developments in immunological and nucleic acid-based detection methods, culture-based detection of MAP remains the \u2018gold standard\u2019 against which the sensitivity and specificity of other detection methods are measured. However, not all culture-based approaches are equivalent in terms of detection capability, which can lead to errors in the evaluation of other detection methods. This review will provide an overview of the chronological development of culture methods for MAP, and will consider the unique growth requirements of MAP, the merits of solid versus liquid culture media, the relative performance of the commonly used MAP culture media, and sample preparation\/decontamination protocols for different sample types. The limitations of current MAP culture methods and prospects for improvements are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxac017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T05:12:43Z","timestamp":1672549963000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Culture of\n                    <i>Mycobacterium avium<\/i>\n                    subsp.\n                    <i>paratuberculosis<\/i>\n                    : challenges, limitations and future prospects"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Hannah","family":"Dane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda D","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene R","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023031615361835900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.03.003","article-title":"A mycobacterium species for crohn's disease?","volume":"53","author":"Aitken","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathol"},{"key":"2023031615361835900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2164(09)01201-5","article-title":"Chapter 1 bacterial L-Forms","volume":"68","author":"Allan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv Appl 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