{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T20:21:07Z","timestamp":1786566067769,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"STERIS"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to determine the inactivation kinetics of Geobacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus atrophaeus biological indicators, treated with vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VH2O2) at an industrial scale. There is an assumption that sterilization processes generate linear kinetic plots of treated biological indicators that are used for informing probability-based decision-making by the MedTech industry for effective sterilization treatments; however, this has not been reported for sterilization using VH2O2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Survivor curves were generated, and sterilization performances were separately determined using G. stearothermophilus and B. atrophaeus biological indicators following the development of appropriate process challenge devices (PCDs). Regression analysis revealed that the inactivation kinetics for VH2O2-treated microorganisms exhibited log linear profiles. The use of scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed no significant topographical changes in the outer surface of these VH2O2-treated spores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both biological indicators exhibited log linear inactivation kinetics when treated with an industrial scale vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VH2O2) sterilization process. Therefore, this novel finding corroborates and proves the appropriateness of using VH2O2 as a sterilization method in accordance with applicable ISO standards.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxac028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T19:56:09Z","timestamp":1678996569000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["<i>Geobacillus stearothermophilus<\/i>and<i>Bacillus atrophaeus<\/i>spores exhibit linear inactivation kinetic performance when treated with an industrial scale vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VH2O2) sterilization process"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Brian","family":"McEvoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Sterilization Technologies, IDA Business and Technology Park , Tullamore, R35 X865 , Ireland"},{"name":"Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon Midlands Midwest , Athlone Campus, N37 HD68, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Maksimovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Sterilization Technologies, IDA Business and Technology Park , Tullamore, R35 X865 , Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil J","family":"Rowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon Midlands Midwest , Athlone Campus, N37 HD68, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023031616485423200_","first-page":"46","article-title":"Overcoming limitations of vaporized hydrogen peroxide: hydrogen peroxide is highly potent and highly problematic","volume":"9","author":"Agalloco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharm Technol"},{"key":"2023031616485423200_","article-title":"Sterilization services market by method (ETO, gamma, steam, X-ray), type (contract sterilization, validation services), mode of delivery (off-site, on-site), end user (Hospitals and clinics, pharmaceuticals) - 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