{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T07:54:25Z","timestamp":1774079665945,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kunming Health Commission","award":["2022\u201311-01\u2013009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\u201311-01\u2013009"]}]},{"name":"Kunming Health Science and Technology","award":["2022-SW [Houbei]-50"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-SW [Houbei]-50"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nucleic acid-based molecular techniques in current laboratory practice allow the identification of a broad range of respiratory viruses. However, due to asymptomatic carriage, the detection of viruses in the respiratory tract does not necessarily indicate disease. The study aimed to investigate infections of different viruses that colonize the airways, the viral combinations in coinfection, and the viral association with the occurrence of either upper respiratory tract infection (AURTI) or lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in children.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A matched case\u2013case\u2013control study included ALRTI cases, AURTI cases, and healthy controls was conducted at Kunming Children\u2019s Hospital. Oropharyngeal swabs from the three groups were collected for eight viral pathogens detection by multiplex RT-PCR. The association of each pathogen with disease status was determined by comparing the results between cases and controls. From 1 March 2021 through 28 February 2022, 278 participants in each group were investigated. Viral infection was detected in 54.0%, 37.1%, and 12.2% of the ALRTI cases, AURTI cases, and healthy controls, respectively. Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), and parainfluenza virus-3 (PIV-3) were the most frequently documented viruses. RSV\/ADV was the most frequent combination detected in coinfection. When compared to healthy controls, RSV and PIV-3 were independently associated with both ALRTI and AURTI.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>RSV and PIV-3 were causes of both ALRTI and AURTI cases. These results provide initial evidence of the potential of microbiota-based diagnostics for the differential diagnosis of severe acute respiratory infections using oropharyngeal swab samples.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxad138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T12:58:04Z","timestamp":1688734684000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Viral etiology of acute respiratory tract infection among children under 5\u2009years of age in Kunming City, China: a matched case\u2013case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Ming","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunming Children\u2019s Hospital , 288 Qianxing Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650100 , PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cuilian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunming Children\u2019s Hospital , 288 Qianxing Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650100 , PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Jian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunming Children\u2019s Hospital , 288 Qianxing Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650100 , PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dingrui","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunming Children\u2019s Hospital , 288 Qianxing Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650100 , PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinglin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunming Children\u2019s Hospital , 288 Qianxing Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650100 , PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2804-6460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunming Children\u2019s Hospital , 288 Qianxing Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650100 , PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072212395246200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001187","article-title":"Point of care testing of Influenza A\/B and RSV in an adult respiratory assessment unit is associated with improvement in isolation practices and reduction in hospital length of stay","volume":"69","author":"Berry","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"2023072212395246200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2014.12.003","article-title":"Diagnosis of community-acquired acute respiratory illness: from conventional microbiological methods to molecular detection (multiplex)","volume":"63","author":"Bouvet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pathol Biol (Paris)"},{"key":"2023072212395246200_bib3","first-page":"e00042","article-title":"Practical guidance for clinical microbiology laboratories: viruses causing acute respiratory tract infections","volume":"32","author":"Charlton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2023072212395246200_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-021-00430-7","article-title":"A multi-center study on molecular epidemiology of human respiratory syncytial virus from children with acute lower respiratory tract infections in the mainland of China between 2015 and 2019","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virol Sin"},{"key":"2023072212395246200_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2007.00625.x","article-title":"The child with recurrent respiratory infections: normal or not?","volume":"18 Suppl 18","author":"de\u00a0Martino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"2023072212395246200_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31828ba08c","article-title":"Does respiratory virus coinfection increases the clinical severity of acute respiratory infection among children infected with respiratory syncytial virus?","volume":"32","author":"Harada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2023072212395246200_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S205","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix076","article-title":"Should controls with respiratory symptoms be excluded from case-control studies of pneumonia etiology? 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