{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T08:43:12Z","timestamp":1788252192178,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004809","name":"Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"CAPES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004612","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Arauc\u00e1ria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004612","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas da Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aims to incorporate alginate microparticles containing berberine and fluconazole into two different types of pharmaceutical formulations, to subsequently evaluate the antifungal activity against Candida albicans.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alginate microparticles containing BBR (berberine) and FLU (fluconazole) were produced by the spray-drying technique, characterized and incorporated in two pharmaceutical formulations, a vaginal cream and artificial saliva. Broth microdilution, checkerboard, time\u2013kill curve, and scanning electron microscopy were carried out to determine the antifungal effects of BBR and FLU against C. albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values of free BBR were 125\u00a0\u03bcg ml\u22121. Synergism between BBR and FLU was demonstrated by a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI)\u00a0=\u00a00.0762. The time\u2013kill curve for the combination BBR\u00a0+\u00a0FLU showed a more pronounced decrease in fungal growth in comparison to free drugs, and an antibiofilm effect of BBR occurred in the formation and preformed biofilm.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alginate microparticles containing BBR and FLU were obtained and incorporated in a vaginal cream and artificial saliva. Both formulations showed good stability, antifungal effects, and organoleptic characteristics, which suggest that BBR\u2013FLU microparticles in formulations have potential as antifungal therapy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxad291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:54:45Z","timestamp":1701392085000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Berberine\u2013fluconazole microparticle-based combination therapy to treat candidiasis infections"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Ludmila Pini","family":"Sim\u00f5es\u00a0Gobbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Post Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maring\u00e1 , Maring\u00e1 87020-900 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliana Harue Endo","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Post Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maring\u00e1 , Maring\u00e1 87020-900 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla Maria Mariano","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Post Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maring\u00e1 , Maring\u00e1 87020-900 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana Bruschi","family":"Lorenzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Post Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maring\u00e1 , Maring\u00e1 87020-900 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dyenefer Pereira","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Post Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maring\u00e1 , Maring\u00e1 87020-900 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anderson Valdiney","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post graduate Program in Chemistry - PQU, State University of Maring\u00e1 , Maring\u00e1 87020-900 , Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debora Cristina","family":"Baldoqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, State University of Maring\u00e1 , Maring\u00e1 87020-900 , Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cleverton de Souza","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post graduate Program in Chemistry - PQU, State University of Maring\u00e1 , Maring\u00e1 87020-900 , Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Ueda-Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maring\u00e1 , Maring\u00e1 87020-900 , Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celso Vataru","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maring\u00e1 , Maring\u00e1 87020-900 , Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marli Miriam de Souza","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maring\u00e1 , Maring\u00e1 87020-900 , Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7300-397X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedito Prado Dias","family":"Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maring\u00e1 , Av. 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