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This waste caffeine has been found to leach into the surrounding environment where it poses a threat to microorganisms, insects, small animals, and entire ecosystems. Growing interest in harnessing this environmental contaminant has led to the discovery of 79 bacterial strains, eight yeast strains, and 32 fungal strains capable of metabolizing caffeine by N-demethylation and\/or C-8 oxidation. Recently observed promiscuity of caffeine-degrading enzymes in vivo has opened up the possibility of engineering bacterial strains capable of producing a wide variety of caffeine derivatives from a renewable resource. These engineered strains can be used to reduce the negative environmental impact of leached caffeine-rich waste through bioremediation efforts supplemented by our increasing understanding of new techniques such as cell immobilization. Here, we compile all of the known caffeine-degrading microbial strains, discuss their metabolism and related enzymology, and investigate their potential application in bioremediation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxae080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T06:45:55Z","timestamp":1711694755000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Microbial metabolism of caffeine and potential applications in bioremediation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5316-1575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meredith B","family":"Mock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama , Box 870203, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1358-6605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan M","family":"Summers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama , Box 870203, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032908442876300_bib1","first-page":"312","article-title":"Biodegradation kinetics of caffeine by Leifsonia sp. strain SIU","volume":"8","author":"Ahmad","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Chem Pharm Sci"},{"key":"2025032908442876300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.05.007","article-title":"Adenosine A2A receptor blockade attenuates spatial memory deficit and extent of demyelination areas in lyolecithin-induced demyelination model","volume":"205","author":"Akbari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2025032908442876300_bib9","first-page":"163","article-title":"The ability of 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