{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T18:22:33Z","timestamp":1774462953433,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a leading cause of nosocomial infection and presents a wide spectrum of antibiotic resistance, being vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) one of the most relevant. Synthetic antimicrobial peptides (SAMPs) are currently a promising option to overcome antimicrobial resistance. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of eight SAMPs against vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis, as well as to investigate their mechanism of action and synergy with conventional antibiotics.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Here, eight SAMPs, Mo-CBP3-PepI, Mo-CBP3-PepII, Mo-CBP3-PepIII, RcAlb-PepI, RcAlb-PepII, RcAlb-PepIII, PepGAT, and PepKAA, were tested for antibacterial activity in vitro against E. faecalis (ATCC\u00ae 51299) through broth microdilution. A maximum of 48% of E. faecalis growth inhibition was achieved by treatment with SAMPs alone. However, when these peptides were combined with the antibiotic chloramphenicol, assessed by checkerboard method, the inhibition increased to 55%\u201376% of inhibition, two to three-folds of increase if compared to the effects of the compounds alone. Microscopic analysis showed that E. faecalis cells treated with a combination of SAMPs and chloramphenicol resulted in bacterial membrane damage. The biofilm inhibition maximum was 22% for SAMPs alone, when combined with chloramphenicol, the maximum increased to 33%.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SAMPs and their combination with chloramphenicol demonstrate antibacterial activity against E. faecalis, possibly by inducing bacterial membrane damage.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxae126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,18]],"date-time":"2024-05-18T03:55:53Z","timestamp":1716004553000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Synthetic antimicrobial peptides: activity against vancomycin-resistant <i>Enterococcus faecalis<\/i> and modulation of chloramphenicol antibacterial activity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Gomes\u00a0Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas , Pelotas, RS 96010-900 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Filho\u00a0Noronha\u00a0Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Cear\u00e1 , Fortaleza, CE 60430-275 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Pantoja\u00a0Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Cear\u00e1 , Fortaleza, CE 60430-275 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tha\u00eds","family":"Larr\u00e9\u00a0Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Technological Development, Federal University of Pelotas , Pelotas, RS 96010-900 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3604-0832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daiane","family":"Drawanz\u00a0Hartwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas , Pelotas, RS 96010-900 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024060408014315600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2016.04.002","article-title":"Mechanisms and consequences of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial peptides","volume":"26","author":"Andersson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Resist Updat"},{"key":"2024060408014315600_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.593215","article-title":"Resistance mechanisms to antimicrobial peptides in Gram-positive bacteria","volume":"11","author":"Assoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2024060408014315600_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11121753","article-title":"New insights into the mechanism of antibacterial action of synthetic peptide Mo-CBP3-PepI against Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"11","author":"Branco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"2024060408014315600_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.4.850","article-title":"In vitro activity of fluvastatin, a cholesterol-lowering agent, and synergy with fluconazole and itraconazole against Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"41","author":"Chin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2024060408014315600_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2014.878647","article-title":"Could chloramphenicol be used against ESKAPE pathogens? 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