{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:16:45Z","timestamp":1791389805929,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"ISSEP"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The purpose of this work was to study extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) in freshwaters, hospital effluents, and wastewaters during two sampling campaigns in 2021.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Water sampling was performed at 24 stations in the Ourthe watershed in Belgium. A total of 644 ESBL (n\u00a0=\u00a0642) and AmpC (n\u00a0=\u00a02) E. coli strains were isolated. Disk-diffusion assays were performed following the EUCAST\u2019s recommendations. All strains were tested for the presence of blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-2, and blaCTX-M-9 gene groups by PCR. Genes belonging to blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-9 groups were detected, respectively, in 73.6% and 14.9% of the strains. No blaCTX-M-2 group\u2019s gene was found. A subset of strains (n\u00a0=\u00a040) was selected for whole genome sequencing. Escherichia coli serotype O18: H7 ST 1463 was predominant (n\u00a0=\u00a014) in the sequenced strains and showed pathogenicity in the Galleria mellonella larvae model. \u03b2-lactamase genes identified were blaCTX-M (n\u00a0=\u00a021), with blaCTX-M-15 mostly represented (n\u00a0=\u00a015), as well as blaTEM (n\u00a0=\u00a011), blaOXA (n\u00a0=\u00a07), blaSHV (n\u00a0=\u00a09), and carbapenemase (CP) genes were observed in several strains\u2014blaKPC-3 (n\u00a0=\u00a019), blaNDM-1 (n\u00a0=\u00a01), blaVIM-1 (n\u00a0=\u00a02), and blaOXA-244 (n\u00a0=\u00a02)\u2014even from freshwaters.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>ESBL-EC are widely distributed in the aquatic environment in Belgium and contain a variety of ESBL and CP genes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxae144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,22]],"date-time":"2024-06-22T02:42:48Z","timestamp":1719024168000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Exploring the presence, genomic traits, and pathogenic potential of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> in freshwater, wastewater, and hospital effluents"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Leslie","family":"Crettels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Scientific Institute of Public Service (ISSeP) , 4000 Li\u00e8ge , Belgium"},{"name":"Veterinary bacteriology and bacterial animal diseases, Department of Parasitic and Infectious Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health Centre (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge , 4000 Li\u00e8ge , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Burlion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Scientific Institute of Public Service (ISSeP) , 4000 Li\u00e8ge , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Habets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary bacteriology and bacterial animal diseases, Department of Parasitic and Infectious Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health Centre (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge , 4000 Li\u00e8ge , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Taminiau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Sciences-Microbiology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health Centre (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge , 4000 Li\u00e8ge , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georges","family":"Daube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Sciences-Microbiology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health Centre (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge , 4000 Li\u00e8ge , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Delr\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Scientific Institute of Public Service (ISSeP) , 4000 Li\u00e8ge , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Mouchette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Scientific Institute of Public Service (ISSeP) , 4000 Li\u00e8ge , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Thiry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary 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